Block 1 Flashcards
Pro-Inflammatory Proteins
IL-1 IL-6 IL-8 (CXCL8) TNF-alpha Interferons -
Anti-Inflammatory Proteins and Their roles:
IL-10
-Downregulates inflammatory response
TGF-beta
-Downregulates proinflammatory activities
Acute phase proteins
C-reactive protein [CRP] and Mannose Binding Protein [MBP
PAMPs and PRRS
PAMPs - PRRs
(Extracellular:) Chitin - TLR2 LPS - TLR4 Flagellin - TLR5 Glucans - Dectin-1
(Intracellular:)
Viral nucleic acid - TLR3, TLR7, RIG-I
Bacterial DNA - TLR9
Lipids etc. of intracellular bacteria - NOD1, NOD2
(Soluble)
Mannosylated-MBL
molecules-Ficolins
Antibody bound to pathogen-C1q
Phosphocholine-C-reactive protein/C1q
Pathogen surfaces-C3b
Innate vs Adaptive:
Adaptive:
- Induced, delayed
- Specificity
- Diversity
- Memory
- Tolerance of self
Innate: • Not antigen-specific • Not enhanced by second exposure • Present from birth • Has no memory • Enhanced with adaptive immunity • Rapid
Explain the Complementary System
(see chart)
Types of interferons and their role:
Type I IFN-(alpha/beta)
- Promotes the production of antiviral agents
- induction of 2’,5’-OAS
- induction of RNase L
- induction of PKR
- Increases expression of MHC I
Type II IFN-gamma
- Increases expression of MHC I and II on many cells (for antigen presentation purposes)
- Enhances intracellular killing by macrophages
- Promotes the production of antiviral agents by uninfected cells
- induction of 2’,5’-OAS
- induction of RNase L
- induction of PKR
- induction of Mx proteins (inhibit RNA virus replication)
Function of Cytokines in Innate Immunity ?
Induce an acute inflammatory response.
Induce synthesis of acute phase proteins.
Induce synthesis of complement proteins
Activate NK cells.
Provide anti-viral protection to neighboring cells
Two main mechanisms of NK cell Killing
Granule release: Perforins + Granzymes
Induction of apoptosis via FasL/Fas (CD95L/CD95): Fas ligand (FasL) on NK cell engages Fas on target cells and induces apoptosis.
IL1
- Increases I-CAMS on endothelial
- Induces acute-phase proteins
- Induces fever - hypothalmus (endogenous pyrogen)
- INDIRECTLY: Chemotactically attracts macrophages and neutrophils
IL-6
- Differentiation of myeloid cells
- Induces acute phase proteins
- Induce fever -hypothalmus (endogenous pyrogen)
TNF-alpha
TNF-alpha
- Increase neutrophil ligands
- Increases E-CAMS
- Induces cytokine secretion
- Induces acute phase proteins
IL-8 (CXCL8)
IL-8 (CXCL8)
- Recruit neutrophils to areas of injury
- Induce neutrophil adherence to endothelium
What molecules disrupt C3 convertase formation?
DAF, MCP,C4BP, CR1
CD59
blocks Membrane Attack Complex assembly
