Block 1 Flashcards
Codeine & Pholcodone
Opiod that acts as an antitussive. Constipation can be a side effect
Albuterol
SABA Beta-2 selective agonist used against acute asthma attacks
Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Fluticasone
Inhaled glucocorticoid used to lower inflammation in asthma pt’s
Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone
Oral glucocorticoid used to lower inflammation in asthma pt’s
Salmeterol & Formoterol
LABA Beta-2 specific agonist, usually unsuitable for acute bronchospasm attack. Acts for 12 hrs
Montelukast & Zafirlukast
Oral Leukotriene Antagonist used in conjunction with glucocorticoids.
Ipratropium & Tiotropium
Peripheral anti-msucarinic used in COPD (can be used in elderly people with asthma)
Omalizumab
Chimeric IgG antibody that targets the Fc portion of IgE antibodies –> Blocks IgE from binding to Mast Cells and Basophils
Theophylline
Adenosine antagonizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, used as a third line drug with bronchodilators in asthma and COPD
Cromolyn & Nedocromil Sodium
Mast Cell stabilizer that inhibits eosinophil accumulation. They have a delayed onset (4-6 weeks of tx needed for effect)
Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonist, works on alpha 1, 2, and Beta 1, 2. Used in anaphalaxis
NE
Adrenergic agonist that works on alpha 1, 2, and Beta 1 receptors. Used in severe hypotensive states
Phenylephrine
Alpha 1 specific adrenergic agonist. Vasoconstrictor and deongestant. Also used to produce mydriasis in a retinal exam, and can treat severe hypotension and shock
Clonidine
Alpha 2 specific adrenergic agonist. Antihypertensive, that causes rebound hypertension if you stop taking it abruptly.
alpha-methyldopa
Alpha 2 specific adrenergic agonist. Antihypertensive used in pregnancy
Isoproterenol
Beta 1 and 2 specific adrenergic agonist. Only used in very severe asthma.
Terbutaline
Beta 2 specific adrenergic agonist. Used as a SABA, and used in suppressing uterine contractions
Dobutamine
Beta 1 specific adrenergic agonist. Used in Acute Cardiac Failure, to improve Cardiac Output. Also used in the treatment of cardiogenic shock
Ephedrine
Indirectly-acting sympathomimetic (causes release of NE as well as E). Used as a nasal decongestant. Increases BP & CO!
Amphetamine
Indirectly-acting sympathomimetic, used in ADHD
Methylphenidate
Indirectly-acting sympathomimetic, used in ADHD (Ritalin)
Phenoxybenzamine
Irreversible alpha blocker, can cause myocardial ischemia due to a rebound effect of increased NE. Only used for pheochromocytoma surgeries with a Beta-Blocker
Phentolamine
Alpha blocker given IV in hypertensive crises
-AZOSIN (Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin)
Alpha 1 blocker, that lowers blood pressure. Causes floppy iris in cataract surgery
Tamulosin
Alpha 1A blocker that improves urinary flow in BPH
Propanolol
Beta blocker used in hyperthyroidism
Timolol
Beta blocker used in glaucoma
Sotalol
Beta blocker, that also acts as an anti-arrhythmic. Used after an Acute MI
Metopropolol and Bispropolol
Beta-1 blocker used in Chronic Cardiac Failure
Atenolol
Beta-1 specific blocker
Esmolol
Beta-1 specific blocker with a very short half-life
Carvedilol
Alpha-1 and Beta Blocker used in chronic cardiac failure
Nevibolol
Beta-1 blocker that is also an NO-potentiating vasodilator, used in Cardiac Failure
Botulinum Toxin
Inhibits ACh release
Muscarine
Classic muscarinic agonist
Bethanechol
Muscarinic Agonist
Pilocarpine
Muscarinic Agonist
Edrophonium
Short-acting AChE inhibitor. Used to test for Myasthenia Gravis
Neostigmine & Pyridostigmine
Used in tx of myasthenia gravis, and reverse the NMJ blockade to stop paralysis
Physostigmine
Glaucoma and treating atropine poisoning. It can cross the BBB
Donazepil & Tacrine
Used to treat Alzheimer’s
Dopamine
Alpha-1 and Beta-1 Agonist that will increase BP by vasoconstriction and improving cardiac output
Cocaine
Blocks Na/K ATPase. Prevents reuptake of NE, Serotonin, and DA. Can cause hypertension, Cardiac ischemia & infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias
