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REN R 482 > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List 5 considerations when applying rem techniques

A

Location, matrix, redox condition, properties of contaminants, and science

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2
Q

Define bioavailibitly

A

Amount of chem actually available to the tissues of living organisms after exposure. Adsorption/sorption of contam on soil solids reduces availability to receptors.

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3
Q

Decontamination vs remediation

A

Decontamination addresses substances on a site in order to minimize adverse affects on enviro now and into future. Concerned with specific area of a site. Where as, remediation applies to the whole site but same goal of minimizing adverse impacts.

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4
Q

List 3 considerations for biorem

A
  1. Type of contam
  2. Catabolic potential of microorgs ie does the microbe have the relevant functional gene to pair with contam
  3. Environmental conditions
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5
Q

Define biodegradation

A

Destruction or mineralization of materials by microorganisms of soils/sediments/water ect. Conversion of complex substances into simple products.

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6
Q

Define biotransformation

A

Modification (not destruction) of a molecule by a living organism. Applies to metals. May transform a substance from soluble and toxic to toxic and finally to solid particle and gas.

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7
Q

Briefly dfn risk, risk assessment, risk mgmt

A

Risk: measure of hazard to health and probability of exposure
Assessment: Characterization of adverse effects of exposure to harmful substances through routes of exposure
Mgmt: Application of control measures (rem/exposure control) to eliminate/reduce risk

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8
Q

Define contaminated site

A

Contamination of soil, sediments, ground/surface water above the bench criteria and/or pose a threat to human and enviro health

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9
Q

List steps of contaminated site mgmt (AB)

A
  1. Known release or suspected release
  2. Phase 1
  3. Phase 2
  4. Define rem/implement RAP
  5. Tier 1, Tier 2, remediation and rem certificate
    OR exposure control, risk mgmt, and ongoing monitoring
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10
Q

List four processes w/in the soil-contaminant interaction

A

Volatization, adsorption, biodegradation/biotransformation, and migration/transport

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11
Q

What 3 factors control biodeg of organic contam in soil

A
  • Properties of organic contaminants
  • Properties of soil system
  • Ability of microbes for biodegradation
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12
Q

List three properties of organic contaminants

A
  1. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic character
  2. Vapor pressure
  3. Henry’s Law
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13
Q

Why do clay particles have reactive surfaces? (Think physical aspects of clay)

A
  • High surface area offers more interaction with contams hence high adsorption potential
  • High volume of pore space but reduced water flow due to small pores
  • Swelling cracking create erosion channels ^ movement of contam
  • Pos or neg charge of clay plays role in adsorption and exchange reactions.
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14
Q

List a few points about phyllosilicates (2:1)

A
  • Generally neg charge due to isomorphic substitution
  • Charge is permanent > hold cations > contributes to cation exchange capacity
  • Phyllo adsorb metal cations
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15
Q

What makes kaolinite unique

A
  • 1:1 structure
  • Has permanent charge and pH dependent charges due to exposed hydroxides
  • Changes in soil pH determine charges (+/-) on kaolinite through protonation/deprotonation
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16
Q

What is PZC

A

Point zero charge: pH at which net charge on material is zero

17
Q

List a few points about oxide minerals and the two categories

A
  • Aluminum oxides and iron oxides
  • Oxides possess pH dependent charges due to hydroxides (protonation/deprotonation)
  • Have pos charge at neutral pH due to higher PZC
  • Hold metal oxyanions
18
Q

List a few points about soil organic matter

A
  • Posses pH dependent charges due to functional groups
  • Change in soil pH through protonation/deprotonation
  • Can hold cations and oxyanions
  • Strongly adsorbs organic compounds
19
Q

List 4 functional groups of SOM

A
  1. Carboxyl COOH
  2. Hydroxyl OH
  3. Amine NH
  4. Carbonyl C=O
20
Q

Langmuir Eqn

A
  • Describes adsorption of a solute on homogeneous surfaces
  • Monolayer of adsorbed solute on surface
  • Max adsorption achieved as monolayer becomes saturated by absorbate
21
Q

Linear partition theory

A
  • Sorption of nonpolar, hydrophobic organic compounds
  • Char by linear or constant partition of hydrophobic sorption
  • Org compounds will dissolve into SOM
22
Q

What is Kow related to?

A
  1. Water solubility
  2. Sediment/soil adsorption
  3. Bioconcentration factor for aquatic life

REN R 482 (4 decks)

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