Block 1 Flashcards
Define “Pharmaceutics”
the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning an active pharmaceutical ingredient into a medication or drug product
“the science of dosage form design and drug delivery systems”
Define “drug”
an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in humans or other animals
Define “small molecule”
Compounds of low molecular weight (<900 daltons) that are manufactured via chemical synthesis
Define “biologic”
Large molecules that are made in bacteria, plant or animal cells using recombinant DNA technology
Define “prodrug”
A drug that must change to an active compound after ingestion via enzymatic and biochemical cleavage
Explain the drug approval process
Compare and contrast “compounding” and “manufacturing”
Compounding = small scale, done by a pharmacist
Manufacturing = large scale, done in a lab/factory
Differentiate between “brand” and “generic” (drugs)
Define “dosage form”
the final physical form of the drug which may be used by the consumer without requiring any further manufacturing
What are the goals for any dosage form? (5)
1.Administer an accurate dose safely and conveniently
2. Ensure pt compliance
3. Protect the drug from decomposition from the external and internal environments
4. Conceal unpleasant odor or taste
5. Control release of drug into the body
Define “active ingredient” (API)
one or more drug substance that is responsible for pharmacological effects
Know the different routes of administration
Define “route of administration”
the organ or site(s) via which a drug formulation enters the body
Know the different routes of administration
Enteral
Includes oral, sublingual, buccal
avoids first pass metabolism?: no
Advantages: convenient (self-admin), noninvasive, buccal and SL can be used in unconscious pts and can avoid FPM
Disadvantages: Not good if drug degrades in GIT, possible interactions with food, unpleasant taste, FPE/FPM (oral)
Know the different routes of administration
Parenteral Routes
Includes ID, IV, IM, SQ, intrathecal, epidural, intra-arterial
Advantages: Avoids FPM, can be used in uncooperative/unconscious pts, won’t be degraded by GIT, IV has 100% bioavailability
Disadvantages: MUST BE STERILE, have to be withdrawn/prepared, pt can’t usually do it on their own
Know the different routes of administration
Respiratory
Can be administered pulmonary (into the lungs) or nasally (into the nose)
Drugs can be absorbed systemically or locally
Advantages: non-invasive, avoids FPM
Disadvantages: Unsuitable for long term use, dose inaccuracy, oropharyngeal deposition may give local side effects in** pulmonary admin**
