Block 1 Flashcards
Where is DNA copied into RNA
Nucleus
Where is RNA processed and exported to
Cytosol
Where does translation take place
Cytosol
What is a nucleoside
A base conjugated to a sugar by a glycosidic linkage
Name the nucleosides
Deoxyadenodine, deoxygaunosine, deoxycytosine, thymide
What is a nucleotide
A nucleoside conjugated to one or more phosphoryl group
Name nucleotides in DNA
Deoxyadenylate (dATP), Deoxyguanylate (dGTP), Deoxyctidylate (dCTP), Thymidylate (dTTP)
Name nucleotides in RNA
Adenylate, Guanylate, Cytidylate, Uridylate
what does RNA have on 2’
hydroxyl group
what is the bond between bases
hydrogen bonds
what’s on the outside of DNA helix
sugar phosphates
what degree are bases at to helix axis
90°
what are bases at the core attracted to each other by
Van der Waals forces
what makes DNA stable
hydrogen bonds
what are introns
non-coding regions
what are exons
coding regions
when does DNA need to be replicated
during cell division
why does DNA replication need to be error free
to avoid mutation
what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place
S-Phase
What are the phases of the cell cycle
S=DNA synthesis, G2=growth and preparation for mitosis, M=mitosis, G1=growth
DNA replication is semi-conservative, what enzyme is involved
DNA polymerase
What does DNA polymerase require
primer, with a free 3’-OH
what does DNA polymerase do
catalyses step-by-step addition of deoxyribonucleotide units to DNA
where does new DNA grow
3’ end