Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Steven can you see me now? > bleh bleh bleh > Flashcards

bleh bleh bleh Flashcards

0
Q

What were the side effects of putting the crystals right on the tongue?

A

Terrible pain, fingers twitching with every heartbeat, falling to the ground semiconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What diluted the crystals?

A

Dissolved in alcohol and diluted in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How were the lives of the four testers saved?

A

He caused them to vomit by giving them vinegar (acetate aromatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What had this person extracted for the first time in history?

A

The essence of opium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the disease of biblical proportions?

A

The small pox virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the video about?

A

The men who abolished pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the commentator push through his hand?

A

A needle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the prime ingredient for centuries to relieve pain?

A

Opium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did the Sumerians call opium plants?

A

The “joy plant”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the beginning of the 19th century, what was opium marketed as when dissolved in alcohol?

A

Liquid Laudanum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long was the process experimented with until the way to extract was refined?

A

2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What class of drug is morphium?

A

Class A drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Opium resins come from the sap of what plant?

A

The sap of the poppy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the standard solvent of the time?

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who was it said that laudanum was good for?

A

Squawking/crying babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Was the first substance extracted acidic or alkaline and that was tried on for no effect?

A

Acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Zentner did what no one else had done. What was it?

A

He extracted an alkaline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What date did Zentner get his sludgy alkaline precipitate?

A

1803

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happened when these crystals were given to a dog?

A

It became sleepy/lethargic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the name of the chemicals they wee now getting out of plants?

A

The alkaloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the single most important event in drug history?

A

The isolation of morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are many herbal remedies effective?

A

Alkaloids are the reason many herbal remedies are effective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the commentators favourite drug of abuse?

A

Caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does codeine work?

A

By modulating the way the brain deceives pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the side effects of opiates?

A

Constipation, addiction, vomiting and depressing breathing towards death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What was the South American plant another pain reducing drug was produced from its leaves?

A

The cocoa plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What was cocaine added to and promoted by the pope?

A

Wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was Dr Kola’s main profession?

A

An eye surgeon (ophthalmologist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How did they test the use of cocaine in eye surgery?

A

He first tested it on a dog and a frog and they seemed to be fine. So Kola then dissolved it in water and dropped it onto his eye. He tried to then stick a needle into his eye to test the pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does anaesthetic mean?

A

Anaesthetic means “without sensation”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was the eye surgeon’s nickname?

A

Koca Kola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Before this time, what was thought to be good for you during surgery?

A

Pain was thought to be good for you.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What profession changed this by a chance discovery?

A

Dentistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How were the new gases tested?

A

They tested it on themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was the name of the gas the dentist Humphrey Davey discovered/created?

A

Nitrous Oxide (a.k.a laughing gas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was the advantage of breathing in this gas?

A

The advantage was pain relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where was the gas (nitrous oxide) mostly used?

A

During “laughing gas” parties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In what year was a demonstration made using the gas in Boston?

A

In the year of 1845

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What was the ‘ridicule of deadly insult’ that was given to the dentist and his partner?

A

Humbug; A person or object that behaves in a deceptive or dishonest way, often as a hoax or in jest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What was the next substance tested?

A

Sweet oil of vitriol. The gas released from this test was ether.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What did the first patient operated on under ether say he felt?

A

He felt no more than a mere scratch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

At the time, how long did it take the news of ether to spread around the world?

A

It took within a time span of six months for the news to spread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What was the next key substance investigated? Hint: black liquid.

A

Coal tar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A series of what started the next step in chemistry of drugs?

A

A series of mistakes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

When attempting to make quinine from coal tar, what was made?

A

Mauve dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What was coal tar extracts being used for?

A

Internal wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the substance used for today?

A

Moth balls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

After eating the substance, what was the effect?

A

Fever went down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What was the mistake?

A

Was not naphthalene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid is used now for what?

A

Used now to burn off warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What were the two drugs the Bayer company investigated?

A

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) and diamorphine (heroin).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What drug was rejected because it was believed to be dangerous?

A

Aspirin, which was believed to be more dangerous than heroin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What report came back from the dentist who used morphine?

A

The toothache eased and it gave pain relief.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What did aspirin become?

A

One of the world’s most successful drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How many aspirin tablets are eaten every year?

A

Forty-billion (40,000,000,000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What plant was used to test the effects of aspirin by the commentator?

A

Stinging nettles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the prime cause of headache and muscle ache?

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What was the next new phase of drug creation?

A

The creation of synthetic drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

When had the hyperaemic needle been invented?

A

In the 1840’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What was the name of the next chemical tested for anaesthesia by injection into the blood?

A

Chloral hydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What was the pill that came from chloral hydrate?

A

The sleeping pill or sedative drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What was the name of the bar owner who added this drug to drinks?

A

Mickey Finn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What chemical was the successor to Chloral Hydrate?

A

Sodium thiopental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What group does this drug (sodium thiopental) come from?

A

Barbiturates

64
Q

What famous actress died because of a barbiturate overdose?

A

Marilyn Monroe

65
Q

What did the commentator try to present his job was?

A

Dr Michael Mosley, the famous heart surgeon

66
Q

What was the pain test?

A

Crunching knuckles onto the chest.

67
Q

Was the commentator able to lie or remember what he said?

A

No. He forgot all of what he said, nor could he lie.

68
Q

What are pharmaceutical chemists focused on now?

A

New painkillers

69
Q

How do they do?

A

Take simple molecules and build them up to complex ones

70
Q

What people did they investigate to help this?

A

Those that could not feel pain.

71
Q

After all these developments, what is the drug still used for extreme pain found 200 years ago?

A

Morphine

72
Q

What is the following episode (episode 2) about?

A

The stories of those who developed the drugs that cure

73
Q

14th Dec 1799 who was dying of infection and quackery?

A

George Washington

74
Q

What did George Washington die of?

A

Blood loss

75
Q

In the past many people died of what?

A

Implement infection

76
Q

More soldiers in World War One died of this…

A

Wound infections.

77
Q

What are the serial killers?

A

Disease

78
Q

How much of Europe’s population was killed by the Black Death?

A

One quarter to a third of Europe’s population.

79
Q

Which disease is a slow but deadly killer?

A

Tuberculosis

80
Q

What changed things

A

Germ theory

81
Q

What started this process?

A

The vineyards of France

82
Q

Who found a solution to the wine issue?

A

Louis Pasteur

83
Q

What was the temperature the wine had to reach to kill

the microbes and not spoil the wine

A

55 degrees Celsius

84
Q

What was this technique called

A

Pasteurisation

85
Q

What expensive present did the German medical

person (Robert Koch) get from his wife

A

A microscope

86
Q

What disease did the sheep have

A

Anthrax

87
Q

What animal did the German test his collected anthrax

on

A

A mouse

88
Q

What was miasma theory replaced with

A

Germ theory

89
Q

What bacteria enter an organism and multiply rapidly?

what do they produce?

A

Produce toxins and gases

90
Q

Although identified, what was yet available for these

infectious microbe based diseases?

A

They knew what they were but not how to cure them

91
Q

What was used to treat syphilis

A

Mercury

92
Q

What was Ehrlick’s favourite dye

A

Methylene blue

93
Q

What was methanol blue used for

A

Stain the bacteria

94
Q

What was Ehrlich trying to create, a name from German folklore

A

Magic bullet

95
Q

What did the mercury used for treatment of syphilis do to the patient?

A

It made hair and teeth fall out, before destroying the entire immune system

96
Q

What animal was infected with syphilis to test arsenic compounds by Ehrlich’s Japanese assistant?

A

Rabbits

97
Q

What was the arsenic compound that proved successful ?

A

Compound Salvarsan #606

98
Q

How did doctors, that is nurses, treat infected wounds

A

Drain the pus, and then clean area of pus

99
Q

How many never came out alive from a septic ward

A

50%

100
Q

What was discovered to change this in 1928?

A

Penicillin

101
Q

What did the bacteria do due to the penicillin?

A

Unable to divide, resulting in it bursting open

102
Q

When did the researches in Oxford look at penicillin

A

1938

103
Q

What did more soldiers die of than direct hits from enemy fire

A

Wound infection

104
Q

What was the name of the abrasive Australian doctor who developed practical use of penicillin

A

Dr Howard Florey

105
Q

What were early problems with developing penicillin

A

Proving hard to grow and purify

106
Q

What species was the first testing subjects for penicillin

A

Mice

107
Q

What was the lucky omen during testing

A

Putting pants on backwards

108
Q

What instrument was used to grow the penicillin in

A

Bed pans

109
Q

Who was the human penicillin first testing on

A

Elva Akers

110
Q

What was the percentage of impurities that was injected in to the first patient

A

97%

111
Q

What was the cause of the next test subjects infection

A

Small scratch from a rose

112
Q

What date was the policeman tested

A

February 11th 1941

113
Q

What institute helps Florey once in America

A

Reckefeller

114
Q

What does penicillin mould like

A

Corn syrup

115
Q

What fruit was found to have a very strong strain of

penicillin mould growing on it

A

Rockmelon

116
Q

After nuclear weapons what was the highest priority of research in war time America

A

Penicillin

117
Q

What was the company name that developed the technique for producing enough penicillin

A

Pfizer

118
Q

Penicillin herald what age

A

The dawn of the antibiotic age

119
Q

Antibiotics are useless against what

A

Viruses

120
Q

100 years ago no one knew about what

A

no one knew that viruses actually existed

121
Q

The invention of what helps us see viruses

A

Microscope

122
Q

How much smaller are viruses than bacteria

A

100 times smaller

123
Q

What are the most numerous biological entities on earth

A

Viruses

124
Q

What is a master of disguise

A

Influenza virus

125
Q

How does virus disguise itself

A

Constantly mutates

126
Q

How many people did the Spanish flu virus kill between 1918 and 1920

A

Estimated 50 million

127
Q

What does the polio virus attack

A

Nervous system

128
Q

What virus has killed more than any other in grizzly manner

A

Smallpox

129
Q

What race was 90% killed off by smallpox

A

Aztecs

130
Q

How many people did the smallpox virus kill in the 20th century

A

Thirty million

131
Q

What was the average death rate of smallpox infection

A

30%

132
Q

Where did the answer for smallpox come from

A

A rural setting

133
Q

Who was the first doctor involved in smallpox eradication

A

Edward Jenner

134
Q

What is a mild form of smallpox

A

Cowpox

135
Q

What unethical thing did Jenner do

A

He injected an eight year old boy (of whom he did not know) with cowpox, and then with smallpox.

136
Q

What was this treatment of smallpox called and after what animal

A

Vaccination; After the French word for cow (vache)

137
Q

How many years did the W.H.O. predict the eradication of smallpox would take in 1966

A

They predicted that it would take within 10 years to eradicate the small pox virus

138
Q

How many votes did the amendment get passed by

A

Two votes

139
Q

What was the reward in one country for dobbing in people with smallpox

A

200 shillings

140
Q

In what year was the last known case of naturally occurring smallpox

A

October 1977

141
Q

What should be done with the stored smallpox virus

A

Some people believe that it should be kept so that if it were to come back, we would be fully prepared. Others believe that it should be destroyed.

142
Q

The catalyst of the eradication of smallpox lead to what

A

Potential massive immunisation

143
Q

What has increased due to these discoveries

A

Average life expectancy

144
Q

What was life expectancy during George Washington’s time

A

35 years

145
Q

What is a threat of a type of from haemorrhagic virus

A

Ebola

146
Q

What virus may evolve into something more lethal

A

Flu virus

147
Q

What is the next program about

A

Turning poisons into effective medicines

148
Q

What was the wealthy eccentric man doing in Yorkshire in 1835

A

Walking his donkey barefooted around his garden

149
Q

This episode’s source of many drugs…

A

Poisons

150
Q

What is turned into cures

A

Killers/poisons

151
Q

What could the poison do that Warterton was interested in

A

Kill any animal

152
Q

What was the key ingredient for the poison

A

A species of vine called Wourali

153
Q

What was the poison derived from the vine

A

Curare

154
Q

What large animal did they test their poison on

A

A donkey

155
Q

How long did they have to revive the animal

A

Four hours

156
Q

What was shown by the experiment

A

It doesn’t affect the heart, only voluntary muscles are effected so the patient is able to breathe.

157
Q

What did the donkey get when it finally died 20 years later

A

An arbitrary in the New York Times

Steven can you see me now? (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions