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...FINALS > Bleeding > Flashcards

Bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

DDx for small animal bleeding?

A
  1. Haemorrhage
  2. IMTP
  3. vWD
  4. Canine lungworm
  5. Vitamin K deficiency
  6. Strep equi zooepidemicus
  7. Canine herpesvirus
  8. Melaena
  9. Haemophilia A/B
  10. DIC
  11. Vasculitis
  12. Hepatopathy
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2
Q

Examples of haemorrhage?

A

Internal - spleen, thorax, trauma, amyloidosis (hepatic cats)
External - epistaxis, gastro, parasitic infection, urinary tract

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3
Q

What should you check in the bleeding patient?

A

TP/PCV
Coagulation profile
Platelet count
Faecal lungworm

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4
Q

What are the three types of vWD?

A

Type I - all mulitmers are present but a a decreased conc. => variable severity of bleeding (DOBERMANS)

Type II - Qualitative abnormalities in vWF structure and function, severe and uncommon

Type III - Absence of all vWF mutlimers

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5
Q

Diagnotics for vWD?

A

Measure levels of vWF:Afg, vWF levels will be decreased by clots in the sample and haemolysis
ELISA
Genetic test for carriers

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6
Q

Treatment for vWD?

A

Transfusion to supply vWF
Cryoprecipitate - concentration of vWF is 5-10x greater than plasma
Whole blood if animal is anaemic
Desmopressin as a pre-operative prophylactic as it causes vWF release

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7
Q

Clinical signs of vWD?

A 
Mucosal bleeding (GI, epistaxis, haematuria)
No petechiae
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8
Q

Clinical signs of canine lungworm?

A

Cardioresp signs, coagulopathies, neurological signs

Subcut haematomas, internal haemorrhage, prolong wound bleeding

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9
Q

Treatment of lungworm?

A

Moxidectin - single dose (advocate)

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10
Q

Vitamin K dependent factors?

A

II, VII, IX and X

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11
Q

Test results of vitamin K deficiency?

A

Elevation in PT and APTT, platelet numbers and buccal mucosal bleeding times

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12
Q

Tx for vitamin K deficiency?

A

Emetics, cathartics, activated charcoal if ingestion of rodenticide

Transfusions of whole fresh blood or FFP to replace coag factors
Vitamin K therapy - orally

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13
Q

How does strep zooepidemicus cause bleeding in dogs?

A

Inhaled - haemorrhagic pnuemonia - pyrexia, haemorhagic nasal discharge and sudden death

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14
Q

How is strep zooepidemicus diagnosed in dogs?

A

Isolation from lung samples/swabs

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15
Q

Treatment of strep zooepidemicus?

A

ABs and antibiotics

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16
Q

How would you treat gastric ulcers in dogs?

A

Gastroprotectants

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17
Q

DDx if platelet count is abnormal?

A

Primary immune mediated
Secondary immune mediated
Myeoproliferative disease

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18
Q

DDx if BMBT is abnormal?

A

Thrombocytopathia (e.g NSAIDs)
vWD
Vasculitis

19
Q

DDx if PT only affected?

A

Vitamin K deficiency (rodenticide)

20
Q

DDx if only APTT affected?

A

Inherited factors deficiency

Consumption (DIC; haemorrhage)

21
Q

DDx if PT, APPT and/or platelet count affected?

A

DIC
Haemorrhage
Angiostrongylus
Hepatopathy (normal plt)

22
Q

DDx for the bleeding horse?

A 
Trauma
Guttral pouch mycosis
EIPH
Ethomodial haemotoma
Neoplasia
FB
Bleeding disorders
Pneumonia
Rhinitis/sinusitis
Nasal amyloidosis
23
Q

Causes of haemothorax in the horse?

A 
Trauma
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Necrotising penumonia
Ruptured pulmonary vessel
DIC/coag
Neoplasia
24
Q

Causes of haematuria in the horse?

A 
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis/urolithiasis
Idiopathic renal haematuria 
Urethral rent 
Neoplasia
25
Q

Haemoabdomen causes in horses?

A

Trauma
Ruptured mesenteric vessel
Uterine artery rupture
Neoplasia

26
Q

Gastrointestinal causes of bleeding in horses?

A

Parasitism
Neoplasia
Ulceration
Granulomatous enteritis

27
Q

Pathogenesis of EIPH in horses?

A

Strenuous exercise => pulomary haemorrhage => local inflammation => further increase to regional resistence pressures

28
Q

Diagnosis of EIPH?

A

Endoscopy and BAL (haemocidrin in macrophages)

29
Q

Treatment of EIPH?

A

Minimise dust environment
Change exercise regime
Furosemide

30
Q

What is PEH?

A

Progressive ethmodial haematoma - an enlarging non-neoplastic mass lesion in ethmoid turbinates causing spontaneous epistaxis

31
Q

Tx for PEH?

A

Excision via frontal bone flap or injection of formalin

32
Q

Causes of epistaxis in the horse?

A 
Fungal sinusitis 
PEH
Guttral pouch mycosis
Nasal aspergillosis
Coagulatopathy/DIC
Sinusitis 
Sinus neoplasia
33
Q

DDx for the bleeding farm animal

A 
Abomasal ulceration
Babesiosis
SARA
Enzootic haemturia 
BVD
Anthrax
Haemorrhagic anaemia 
- Haemonchosis
- Fasciolosis
- Pyelonephritis
- Caudual vena cava syndrome
34
Q

Causes of abomasal ulceration in ruminants

A

Sand, DA, stress

35
Q

CS of abomasal bleeding in ruminants?

A

Acute: animal may die within 24hrs of becoming anorexia, decreased milk yield, increased HR, ruminal stasis, blood in faeces

Chronic: follows subacute haemorrhagic incident which lasts around 5 days with scant black tarry faeces, anorexia, reduced milk yield

36
Q

Diagnosis of abomasal ulceration in ruminants?

A

Clinical signs, history, and presence of blood in faeces

37
Q

Tx of abomasal ulceration in ruminants?

A

Acute cases - fluid therapy and blood transfusion attempted with low success rate

Chronic cases: oral kaolin and pectin together with magnesium oxide (acts as antacid) - improvement transient

38
Q

CS of babesia in farm animals?

A

Sudden onset dullness, anorexia, reduced milk yield, red water, fever, ruminal stasis, anaemia, pipe stream d+

39
Q

Diagnosis of babesia in farm animals?

A

Clinical signs, season, blood smear with parasites present

40
Q

Treatment of babesia in farm animals?

A

Imidocarb diproprionate

41
Q

How does SARA cause sudden death/bleeding?

A

Thombrosis of the caudual vena cava

42
Q

What causes anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

43
Q

Clinical signs of anthrax?

A

Sudden death, haemorrhage from orifaces, splenomegaly

...FINALS (3 decks)

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