Blakemore - Key Idea 6 Flashcards
Who were the original sustainable development theorists?
Thomas Malthus - Believed that population increased geometrically whilst resources grew arithmetically. (An essay on the principle of population, 1798).
Esther Boserup - Argues ‘necessity is the mother of invention’ meaning that if we need it someone will invent it. (Conditions of economic growth, 1965).
Who followed the Boserup-Malthus debate
E.F Schumacher, who argued that we need to work towards self reliant communities and stressed that sustainability wouldnt work under neoliberal, socialist or liberal approaches but required a new economy.
What is the definition of sustainable development and who came up with it?
Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The Brundtland Report, 1987.
Who came after Brundtland?
Rees and Wackernagel. Came up with the idea of ecological footprints which is the biologically productive area needed to provide for everything people use. (Our ecological footprint, 1998)
What is the Bristol Reuse network?
Reusing furniture:
Saved UWE £170,000 in disposal costs
Diverted 44 tonnes of waste from disposal and an estimated 105 tonnnes of CO2 emissions.
How has Bristol Championed renewable energy
The Avonmouth Wind Farm
- Reduced carbon emissions and energy costs. In the first year it generated 12GWh of electricity.
- Provides a quarter of the electricity demanded in council buildings.
- Saves 5000 tonnes of carbon annually.
How has Bristol bought sustainable development into local communities
- The council has made slower driving a social norm.
- 10% of Bristols roads are covered by 20mph limits.
How is public transport sustainable in Bristol?
- 10.9% of people travel by bus and 5.9% travel by train.
- £91 million invested in Greater Bristol Bus Network.
- City has a car usage below the national average.
What is the Curitiba reycling scheme?
- Started in 1980, one of the first cities in the world to have a recycling scheme.
- Curitiba recycles around 2/3 of its garbage.
- 3000 tonnes of recycling is collected each month.
- Recycling has created jobs for unqualified, poorer residents of the city.
What is the Green Exchange?
- Benefits around 30,000 families.
- Recycling trucks go into low-income slum areas, where in exchange for recyclables people recieve food and bus tickets.
How is the Curitiba bus system more effective than other transport systems in similar cities?
- Has road lanes dedicated to express buses.
- A normal bus can carry 1,000 passengers per day compared to the 4,000 passengers per day a Curitiba bus can carry.
- Tubular bus stops mean passengers pay before they ride, doubling the number of passengers carried per hour and reduces idling (lower pollution).
- Bus companies are paid by distance covered rather than passenger volume meaning every route is well served.
- 500x cheaper than building a subway.
What is unique about the architecture used on the Hanham Hall estate?
- Heat capturing buildings wrapped in the highest level of insulation to minimise air leakage (reducing the need for electricity).
- However, this means that house aren’t cool and there is a danger of overheating in summer.
What is special about the windows and room layout in the Hanham Hall houses?
- Bedrooms face north to prevent from overheating and angling the house to maximise exposure to light.
- This reduces the need for electricity
- Built in shades at the front of the house to protect from overheating.
What is Hanham Hall’s CHP plant?
- Onsite biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plant.
- Delivers heating and electricity to all homes.
- Efficient because there is no need for each house to have boilers and heaters.
- Produces 100 KWe and 255 KWh.
- Heat and electricity delivered by private heat and power network.
How does Hanham Hall utilise rainwater harvesting?
- Storage tanks built under houses for easy collection.
- Provides enough water to supply washing machines and toilets, helping to reduce portable water use by 80 litres.
- This helps reduce family water usage by 47% (from 150 litres ppd to 80 litres ppd.
