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Blake_Anatomy II > Blake_Anatomy_09_Vessels pt 1 > Flashcards

Blake_Anatomy_09_Vessels pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels functions:

A

Transport O2, nutrients and waste, to and from body tissues

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2
Q

Heart and blood vessels form a __________ system

A

closed-loop

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3
Q

Can blood vessels change their course in accordance with the body’s needs?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Blood vessels are often named for____

A

Body region they traverse or the bone next to them

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5
Q

Some blood vessels are named for ____

A

the structure they supply

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6
Q

Arteries and veins that travel together __________

A

sometimes share the same name (vascular or neurovascular bundle)

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7
Q

Systemic circulation

A

the blood vessels that extend to and from the body tissues

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The vessels that take the oxygenated blood to the heart tissues themselves

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9
Q

3 main classes of blood vessels

A

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

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10
Q

Anastomosis

A

the site where two or more vessels merge to supply the same body region

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11
Q

Anatomical end arteries

A

vessels whose terminal branches do not anastomise. In the event that these vessels become blocked, theh tissues will be deprived of oxygen and an “infarct” develops (eg. Kidneys, spleen, brain)

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12
Q

Functional end arteries

A

anastomoses are so small that arteries may be considered end arteries (eg. coronary arteries)

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13
Q

Do veins or arteries form more anastomoses

A

Veins

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14
Q

Tunics (or layers) of blood vessels (5)

A
  • Form a wall of blood vessels
  • surround the lumen
  • Tunica Intima - endothelium
  • Tunica media - smooth muscle and elastic fibers
  • Tunica externa (adventitia) - collagen fibers.
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15
Q

Tunica Intima (3)

A
  • Tunica Interna
  • Innermost layer of blood vessel wall
  • commosed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium, called endothelium
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16
Q

Tunica Media (2)

A
  • Middle Layer of Vessel wall

- composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muschle cells under autonomic control

17
Q

Changes in vessel diameter (3)

A
  • Contraction of smooth muscle
  • vasoconstriction
  • vasodilation
18
Q

Tunica Externa (4)

A
  • Tunica Adventitia
  • Outermost layer of blood vessel
  • Composed of and areolar connective tissue that contains elastic and collagen fibers, and nerve fibers
  • anchors vessel to other tissues, protects and supports vessel
19
Q

Pulmonary arteries (fx)

A

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

20
Q

3 basic types of arteries

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

21
Q

As an artery’s diameter decreases (2)

A

Corresponding decrease in elastic fibers

relative increase in smooth muscle

22
Q

Elastic Arteries (3 facts + 5eg)

A
  • Conducting arteries (large diameter/large lumen)
  • Thick-walled, near heart
  • high proportion of elastic fibers throughout tunica media
  • includes: Aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, common corotid, iliac
23
Q

Functional Properties of Elastic arteries (2)

A
  • dampen BP changes associated w/ heart contraction

- Passive accomodation results in smooth flow of blood

24
Q

Muscular Arteries (3)

A
  • Distributing arteries, distal to elastic arteries, medium sized
  • Thick tunica Media (more smooth muscle)
  • Elastic fibers restricted to internal and external elastic lamina
25
Q

Arterioles

A
  • smallest arteries
  • Generally less than 6 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
  • loss of layers with decreasing size
26
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

27
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

fatty deposits and occlusion

28
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel

29
Q

Capillaries (4)`

A
  • smallest Vessels (connect arterioles to venules)
  • Slightly larger than single erythrocytes
  • contain only tunica intima, (but this consists only of basement membrane and endothelium)
  • allow gas and nutrient exchange
30
Q

Capillary beds (3)

A
  • do not fx independently
  • fed by metarteriole with precapilary sphincter, its continuation is called thoroughfare channel
  • true capillaries are branches of metarteriole
31
Q

Metarteriole

A

central canal of capillary bed

32
Q

3 basic kinds of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoids (discontinuous)

33
Q

Veins (4)

A
  • Drain capillaries and return blood to heart
  • walls are relatively thin and the vein lumen is larger
  • blood pressure is lower in veins than arteries
  • hold about 60% of bodies blood
34
Q

Systemic vs Pulmonary Veins

A
  • Systemic veins carry blood to the right atrium of the heart
  • Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart
35
Q

How do veins prevent blood from pooling in the limbs

A
  • one way valves to prevent backflow

- deep veins contain skeletal muscle pumps

36
Q

what directly causes vericose veins?

A

nonfunctional valves

Blake_Anatomy II (4 decks)

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