Bladder Function Flashcards
What is the normal capacity of the bladder?
400-500ml
What is the name of the ligaments which hold the bladder in place at its neck?
Puboprostatic ligament (men) Pubovesical ligaments (women)
What is the name of the part of the bladder which has the ureteric openings?
Trigone region
What arteries supply the bladder?
Superior and inferior branches of the internal iliac artery
Which nodes do the lymphatics of the bladder drain to?
External iliac
Internal iliac
Common iliac
Which vein does the blood supply of the bladder drain to?
The internal iliac vein
The smooth muscle bundles around the bladder neck form the…?
Internal sphincter
Which nerve provides sympathetic innovation to the bladder?
Hypogastric nerve
Which spinal segments does the hypogastric nerve originate from?
T12-L2
What is the function of the sympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Relaxation of the detrusor muscle to promote urine retention
Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Pelvic nerve
Which spinal segments does the pelvic nerve originate from?
S2,3,4
What is the function of the parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Mediate contraction of the detrusor muscle
Which nerve provides voluntary somatic innervation to the external urethral sphincter?
Pudendal nerve
Which spinal segments does the pudendal nerve originate from?
S2,3,4
Explain what is meant by the compliance of the bladder?
During filling, the bladder pressure remains low despite the increase in volume
What is the name of the higher centre in the brain which controls micturition?
Pontine micturition centre
Where does Onaf’s nucleus exist?
Anterior horn of S2,3,4
Onaf’s nucleus is the origin of which nerve?
Pudendal nerve
Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles helps empty the bladder. T/F?
True
How does spinal shock affect micturition?
Decreased autonomic activity leads to an acontractile, areflexic bladder with a still functioning sphincter leading to urine retention
How long may spinal shock last?
Days to months
Revoery from spinal shock can be assessed by looking for the return of which reflex?
Bulbocavernosis reflex
Which landmark is used in TURP to treat BPH?
Vermontanum
What factors can cause bladder outflow obstruction in either sex?
Bladder tumours
Bladder stones
Urethral strictures
There can be painless retention of up to what volume of urine?
300ml
Chronic retention of urine is associated with…?
Hypertension and peripheral oedema
What affect does chronic retention of urine have on GFR?
Reduces GFR
What is the name of the part of the bladder which remains rigid and does not have rugae to allow distension?
Trigone region
What type of epithelium exists in the bladder?
Transitional epithelium
In infants micturition is a process governed completely by reflex reactions. T/F?
True
