Bladder Function

Question 1

What is the normal capacity of the bladder?

Answer 1

400-500ml

Question 2

What is the name of the ligaments which hold the bladder in place at its neck?

Answer 2

Puboprostatic ligament (men)
Pubovesical ligaments (women)

Question 3

What is the name of the part of the bladder which has the ureteric openings?

Answer 3

Trigone region

Question 4

What arteries supply the bladder?

Answer 4

Superior and inferior branches of the internal iliac artery

Question 5

Which nodes do the lymphatics of the bladder drain to?

Answer 5

External iliac
Internal iliac
Common iliac

Question 6

Which vein does the blood supply of the bladder drain to?

Answer 6

The internal iliac vein

Question 7

The smooth muscle bundles around the bladder neck form the…?

Answer 7

Internal sphincter

Question 8

Which nerve provides sympathetic innovation to the bladder?

Answer 8

Hypogastric nerve

Question 9

Which spinal segments does the hypogastric nerve originate from?

Answer 9

T12-L2

Question 10

What is the function of the sympathetic innervation to the bladder?

Answer 10

Relaxation of the detrusor muscle to promote urine retention

Question 11

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?

Answer 11

Pelvic nerve

Question 12

Which spinal segments does the pelvic nerve originate from?

Answer 12

S2,3,4

Question 13

What is the function of the parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?

Answer 13

Mediate contraction of the detrusor muscle

Question 14

Which nerve provides voluntary somatic innervation to the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 14

Pudendal nerve

Question 15

Which spinal segments does the pudendal nerve originate from?

Answer 15

S2,3,4

Question 16

Explain what is meant by the compliance of the bladder?

Answer 16

During filling, the bladder pressure remains low despite the increase in volume

Question 17

What is the name of the higher centre in the brain which controls micturition?

Answer 17

Pontine micturition centre

Question 18

Where does Onaf’s nucleus exist?

Answer 18

Anterior horn of S2,3,4

Question 19

Onaf’s nucleus is the origin of which nerve?

Answer 19

Pudendal nerve

Question 20

Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles helps empty the bladder. T/F?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

How does spinal shock affect micturition?

Answer 21

Decreased autonomic activity leads to an acontractile, areflexic bladder with a still functioning sphincter leading to urine retention

Question 22

How long may spinal shock last?

Answer 22

Days to months

Question 23

Revoery from spinal shock can be assessed by looking for the return of which reflex?

Answer 23

Bulbocavernosis reflex

Question 24

Which landmark is used in TURP to treat BPH?

Answer 24

Vermontanum

Question 25

What factors can cause bladder outflow obstruction in either sex?

Answer 25

Bladder tumours
Bladder stones
Urethral strictures

Question 26

There can be painless retention of up to what volume of urine?

Answer 26

300ml

Question 27

Chronic retention of urine is associated with…?

Answer 27

Hypertension and peripheral oedema

Question 28

What affect does chronic retention of urine have on GFR?

Answer 28

Reduces GFR

Question 29

What is the name of the part of the bladder which remains rigid and does not have rugae to allow distension?

Answer 29

Trigone region

Question 30

What type of epithelium exists in the bladder?

Answer 30

Transitional epithelium

Question 31

In infants micturition is a process governed completely by reflex reactions. T/F?

Answer 31

True