Bladder Cancer Flashcards
Give 2 facts about bladder cancer
2nd most common urological cancer
Most commonly affects 50-80M
List 3 risk factors for bladder cancer
Previous/ Current smokers
Hydrocarbon exposure e.g. 2-Naphthylamine
Chronic bladder inflammation from Schistosomiasis (squamous)
Name 2 benign but uncommon tumours of the bladder
Inverted urothelial papilloma
Nephrogenic adenoma
List 3 bladder malignancies and their prevalence
Urothelial (Transitional cell) carcinoma: >90%
Squamous cell carcinoma: 1-7%
Adenocarcinoma: 2%
Where does prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma differ?
In regions affected by schistosomiasis
What is the most common symptom of bladder cancer?
Painless gross haematuria
Give 2 less common symptoms of bladder cancer
Irritative voiding Sx: dysuria, frequency, urgency
Suprapubic/ perineal pain
What could arise due to advanced disease at the neck of the bladder?
Bladder outlet obstruction
Leading to bilateral hydronephrosis
Leading to renal failure + uraemia
What initial investigations are performed in suspected bladder cancer?
Urinalysis + microscopy
FBC
U+Es
What is the gold standard investigation for diagnosis of bladder cancer?
Cystoscopy
What may be performed during cystoscopy if lesions are detected?
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (simultaneous dx + Tx)
What imaging is best for detecting spread in bladder cancer ?
Locoregional: Pelvic MRI
Distant: CT
What investigation is used for nodes of unknown significance in bladder cancer?
PET CT
Describe management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
TURBT
+/- intravesical adjuvant chemo
+/- intravesical BCG immunotherapy
Describe management of non-metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer
Neoadjuvant chemo
Radical cystectomy + bilateral pelvic LN dissection + urinary diversion
