Bladder: Cancer

Question 1

Bladder cancer
-risk factors
-types

Answer 1

Males 50-80
Most common TCC - smoking, aniline dyes, rubber manufacturing
SCC - smoking, schistosomiasis

Question 2

Bladder cancer
Presentation

Answer 2

HAEMATURIA - microscopic/frank
Usually painless

Urinary tract symptoms
-frequency
-urgency
-nocturia
-dysuria
-suprapubic pain

Systemic - weight loss, fatigue, anemia

Question 3

Bladder cancer
2ww criteria

Answer 3

45+ with
-unexplained VH and not UTI
-VH persisting after successful UTI treatment

60+ with
-unexplained NVH and dysuria/high WCC

Question 4

Bladder cancer
Investigations

Answer 4

Histological confirmation - cystoscopy or TURBT
Staging - pelvic MRI, CT

Question 5

Bladder cancer
Management

Answer 5

Non muscle invasive
-TURBT
-intravesical chemo

Muscle invasive
-neoadjuvant chemo
-radical cystectomy or bladder sparing
-adjuvant chemo

Mets
-cisplatin
-immune checkpoint inhibitors
-targeted therapy