Bladder Cance

Question 1

types of bladder cancer

Answer 1

90% transitional cell carcinoma
10 % squamous cell carcinomas
Rarer causes are adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, small cell.

arise from endothelial lining (urothelium)

Question 2

bladder cancer associations

Answer 2

smoking
key workplace risk factors
carcinogens (aromatic amines, polycyclic aromtic hydrocarbons, arsenic and tetrachloroethylene)
found in hair dyes, industrial paint, rubber, motor, leather and rubber workers, blacksmiths

schistosomiasis causes SCC
drinking sufficient water is thought to be protective.

Question 3

treatment options

Answer 3

if cancer is not invading the muscle

• TURBT (Transurethral Resection of a Bladder Tumour)
• chemo in bladder after surgery
• weekly tx for 6 weeks with BCG vaccine into balder via catheter, then every 6 months for 3 years.

if cancer has invaded the muscle (muscle invasive bladder cancer)
radical cystectomy with ielal conduit
radiotherapy (neoadjuvant, primary tx or palliative)
IV chemo as neoadjuvent or palliative.