Black Civil Rights Flashcards
Plessy Descision 1896
Supreme court segregation ok but must be ‘separate but equal’
Jim Crow Laws 1876
made sure African Americans remembered their place, literacy test was a more subtle way of preventing legal change
Klu Klux Klan 1915
Vigilante justice and the ‘keep the negro in his place’ campaign, also responsible for many murders and mutalations (like castration) of African Americans
Segregation in the north
Much less ‘formal’ enforced by being economically trapped leading to ghettoization
War Effort
Despite there being segregation in the armed forces, African american soldiers fought as bravely if not more so than their white counterparts despite this their achievement were rarely recognised
Brown v. Board of Topeka 1954
Supreme Court decision that school segregation was unconstitutional
Little Rock 1957
Nine black students received hate mail, ignored by teachers because they went to a ‘white’s only school’. Orval Faubus closed the school, and had the national guard to ‘protect’ the school. Eisenhower sent troops to help the students
Montgomery Bus Boycott 155-56
Led by MLK, Rosa Parks (sectary of the NAACP) arrested for breaking Jim Crow Laws. NAACP and International pressure meant the Supreme Court made it illegal. ‘If it could be done in Montgomery it could be done anywhere’ inspired other African Americans
Martin Luther King
Pastor, believed in non-violent protest, led to dejure (aka leglastive) change, inspired by ghandi; freedom rides, sit ins, litigation, boycotts, mass marches, picketing.
SNCC 1960
Student non-violent coordinating committee, 200 cities, inspired by MLK, improve literacy
SCLC (southern christian leaders conferance)1957 and NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) 1909
Set legal precidents like montgomery, marches, lawsuits, boycotts, sit ins
Malcolm X
Nation of islam, much more militant ideals to MLK, black power, violence with violence, caused de facto changed but focused on ecomic issues
The Black Panthers 1966
Protection from police brutality, breakfast programs for the poor, self defence, liberal group, many killed by the FBI
Birmingham Protests 1963
Televised, bull connor-fire hoses and dogs set on protestors, gave the protestors moral superiority and international support
Kennedy
Unable to convince other polititions, supportive of civil rights generally,
