BL Session 3 - Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
Describe anatomical position
- Standing in upright position
- Eyes forward
- Feet parallel and close together
- Arms at the sides of the body
- Palms facing forward
Define medial.
Refers to a location/position toward the midline
Define lateral.
Refers to a location/position farther from the midline
Define anterior.
Refers to the front of the body / a position closer to the front
Synonym: ventral (animals
Define posterior.
Refers to the back of the body / to a position more toward the back.
Synonym: dorsal (animals)
Define distal.
- Used to describe locations on the extremities
- Refers to a position / location away from the trunk
Define proximal.
- Used to describe locations on the extremities
- Refers to a position / location toward the trunk
Define superior.
- Indicates the location of a body part that is above another
- Refers to the upper surface of an organ / structure
Define inferior.
- Indicates a body part below another
- Refers to the lower surface of an organ or a structure
Define superficial and deep.
- Relative term
- Refers to depth
E.g. The epidermis is superficial to the dermis
Define supine.
- Describes the body position while lying flat.
- When supine, the person is lying straight, with the face / anterior surface pointed upward.
Define prone.
- Describes the body position while lying flat.
- When prone, the person is horizontal, with the face / anterior surface pointed down.
Define bilateral.
Refers to two, both, sides.
Define contralateral.
Refers to the opposite side of the body.
Define ipsilateral.
Refers to the same side of the body
Mention the segments of the body.
- Upper extremity (arm, forearm, hand)
- Lower extremity (thigh, leg, foot)
- The trunk (thorax and abdomen)
- The neck (cervical vertebrae)
- The head (skull)
Describe flexion.
- The bending movement of one bone on another, bring two segments together.
- Causes a decrease in the joint angle
Describe extension.
- Opposite to flexion, it is the straightening movement of one bone away from another
- Increases the joint angle
- The motion usually returns the body part to anatomical position after it has been flexed
Describe hyperextension.
The continuation of extension beyond anatomical position.
Define dorsiflexion.
Extension at the wrist and ankle joints
Define palmar flexion.
Flexion at the wrist.
Define plantar flexion.
Flexion at the ankle.
Define abduction.
Movement away from the midline of the body.
Define adduction.
Movement toward the midline.
Define radial and ulnar deviation.
Terms used to refer wrist abduction and adduction.
Describe circumduction.
- The motion that describes a circular, cone-shaped pattern.
- Usually by the arms.
Define medial rotation
- Aka internal rotation
- Rotation is movement of a bone or part around its longitudinal axis
Define lateral rotation.
- Aka external rotation
- Rotation is movement of a bone or part around its longitudinal axis.
Define supination.
Rotation of the forearm back to anatomical position.
Define pronation.
Rotation of the forearm away from anatomical position.
Define inversion.
Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Define eversion.
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Define protraction.
A mostly linear movement alone a plane parallel to the ground, away from the midline.
Define retraction.
A mostly linear movement alone a plane parallel to the ground, toward the midline.
What is the coronal plane?
The plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.
What is the sagittal plane?
The plane that divides the body into left and right parts.
What is the transverse plane?
The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
