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2015 - Materials > Bitumen and Asphalt Mixes > Flashcards

Bitumen and Asphalt Mixes Flashcards

1
Q

What are Cutbacks?

A

Asphalt cement cut with petroleum solvents.

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2
Q

What is Emulsion?

A

Mix of asphalt cement, water, and emulsifying agents.

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3
Q

What is the process of Rapid Curing (Cutbacks)?

A

Dissolving hard residue in highly volatile solvents (gasoline or naphtha)

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4
Q

What is the use of Rapid Curing (Cutbacks)?

A

Tack coats or surface treatments.

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5
Q

What is the process of Medium Curing (Cutbacks)?

A

Dissolving medium residue in less volatile solvents (kerosene)

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6
Q

What is the use of Medium Curing (Cutbacks)?

A

Stockpile patching mix and prime coat.

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7
Q

What is the process of Slow Curing (Cutbacks)?

A

Diluting soft residue in nonvolatile/low volatile fuel oil or by stopping refining process before all fuel is removed from stock.

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8
Q

What is the use of Slow Curing (Cutbacks)?

A

Prime coat, stock piling and road mixing.

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9
Q

What is the process of Emulsion?

A

Surface charge to asphalt droplets suspended in water medium. Both anionic and cationic.

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10
Q

What is anionic?

A

Negative
Alkaline
Good with limestone (+charge)

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11
Q

What is cationic?

A

Positive
Acid
Good with silica gravels (-charge)

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12
Q

What does emulsion do?

A

Sets viscosity of emulsions and hardness of asphalt cement.

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13
Q

What is Slow Setting for (Emulsion)?

A

Tack coats, fog seals.

Dense graded cold mixes.

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14
Q

What is Medium Setting for (Emulsion)?

A

Open graded cold asphalt agg mixtures.

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15
Q

What is Fast Setting for (Emulsion)?

A

Surface treatments.

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16
Q

What do higher grades (Cutbacks) mean in terms of viscosity?

A

Higher viscosity.

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17
Q

What is curing the Cutback?

A

Evaporating the solvent from the asphalt residue.

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18
Q

What are 7 different problems with asphalt pavements?

A

1) Fatigue
2) Thermal Cracks
3) Transverse Cracks
4) Shoring
5) Pothole and Ravelling
6) Bleeding
7) Rutting

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19
Q

What does Bitumen consistency testing involve?

A

Penetration
Viscosity
Ductility

20
Q

What does Bitumen durability testing involve?

A

Short term ageing

Long term ageing

21
Q

What does Bitumen safety testing involve?

A

Flash point clevland open cup

22
Q

What does Bitumen purity testing involve?

A

Solubility test

23
Q

What does consistency describe?

A

Fluidity or plasticity of bitumen.

24
Q

What is penetration testing?

A

Penetrating a needle into substance with specific load, temperature and time.

25
Q

What are the advantages of the penetration test?

A

Fast
Precision established
Grades asphalt
Temp susceptibility can be determined

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of the penetration test?

A

Empirical test

Does not reflect differences in asphalt.

27
Q

What are the grades of the penetration test (5)?

A 
40-50
60-70
80-100
130-150
180-200
28
Q

What climates are soft (low viscosity) asphalts used in?

A

Cold climates to avoid thermal cracking.

29
Q

What climates are hard (high viscosity) asphalts used in?

A

Hot climates to avoid rutting.

30
Q

How is short term binder ageing tested?

A

Using a rolling thin film oven

- Simulates ageing from hot mixing and construction.

31
Q

How is long term binder ageing tested?

A

In a pressure ageing vessel.

  • 7 to 10 years simulation.
  • 50 grams for 20 hours
  • Pressure of 2070 kPa
  • At a temp of either 90, 100 or 110.
32
Q

Advantages of viscosity testing?

A

Fundamental property
Based on max pave surface temp
Test method precision established
Temperature susceptibility is controlled

33
Q

Disadvantages of viscosity testing?

A

Not applicable to non-newtonian materials

Wide range of properties for the same grade

34
Q

What is viscosity in physical terms?

A

It is the ratio between applied shear stress and the rate of shear.

35
Q

How is viscosity tested?

A

Using viscosity tubes of rotational viscometers.

36
Q

List the Viscosity grading based on the viscosity of the original asphalt (AC).

A 
AC-2.5
AC-5
AC-10
AC-20
AC-30
AC-40
37
Q

List the Viscosity grading based on the viscosity of the asphalt residue (AR). This is from rolling film oven testing.

A 
AR-1000
AR-2000
AR-4000
AR-8000
AR-16000
This is at 60 degrees
38
Q

How does the ductility test work?

A
  • By measuring the distance that a standard briquette of asphalt cement will stretch before breaking.
  • Done at temp of 25 degrees (achieved by water bath)
  • Two ends separated at 5cm/min
  • Salt added to water to prevent sample from floating in water bath.
39
Q

How does the softening point test work?

A
  • Measures temperature at which bitumen will flow under own weight.
  • Bitumen poured in two copper rings on a copper plate and cooled
  • Put into water bath of 4 degrees, leave for 15mins
  • Apply temp at 5 degrees/min.
  • Bit will soften as temp increases.
40
Q

What is the solubility test for?

A

Measuring purity of bitumen and quantify amount of impurities.

41
Q

How pure is refined bitumen?

A

Usually more than 99.5%.

42
Q

What is temperature susceptibility of bitumen?

A

Rate of which the consistency of bitumen changes with change in temperature.

43
Q

How is the penetration index determined?

A

Measuring penetration at two different temperatures an drawing log (pen) versus temperature.
Slope is susceptibility.
(rise over run in calculation)

44
Q

What does higher penetration index mean in terms of temperature susceptibility?

A

Higher penetration index means lower susceptibility.

Vice versa.

45
Q

How is the viscosity temperature susceptibility (VTS) defined?

A

The slope of the log log (viscosity at 135 degrees) and the log (temperature in K)

46
Q

What does higher temperature susceptibility mean in regards to VTS?

A

Higher temperature susceptibility means higher VTS.

2015 - Materials (6 decks)

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