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BSc Medical Imaging > Bits > Flashcards

Bits Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What must you assess in distal radius fracture

A

Anatomical snuff box

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2
Q

What organ does NSF affect

A

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

  • eyes
  • skin
  • joints
  • muscles
  • liver
  • lungs
  • heart
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3
Q

What are some signs of bronchiectasis on CXR

A

Ring opacities
-end on bronchi with thickened walls

Tram tracks
-side on dilated bronchi with thickened walls

cystic spaces

tubular opacites
-side on mucus filled bronchi

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4
Q

What are some signs of COPD

A

Hyperinflated chest

Bullae

Narrow elongated heart
-relative appearance against hyperinflated lungs

Pulmonary vascular pruning
-destruction of lung parenchyma - distorted vasculature

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5
Q

What are some signs of PF

A

Reduced lung volumes

Reticulonodular shadowing

Ground glass appearance - early stage

Honeycombing - advanced stages

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6
Q

What are some signs of pulmonary oedema

A

Alveolar shadowing

Kerly B lines

Cardiomegaly

Dilated pulmonary vessels in upper lobes

Pleural effusion

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7
Q

How can pleural effusions appear

A

Large
-white out

small
-blunt costophrenic angles

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8
Q

What is a sign of IBD on AXR

A

Thumprinting

-oedematous bowel

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9
Q

How would you distinguish crohns and UC

A

Crohns

  • skip lesions
  • cobblestoning - ulceration and wall oedema
  • small bowel obstruction - strictures

UC

  • Rectal involement
  • oedematous bowel walls - thumbprinting
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10
Q

What proportion of urinary calciculi are radio-opaque

A

80% - contain calcium

Also have staghorn calculus

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11
Q

What is at risk in supracondylar humerus fracutre

A

median nerve and brachial artery rupture

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12
Q

What are some signs of OA

A 
Loss of joint space
Osteophyte
Pan
Deformation
Heberden's nodes
Bouchard's node
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13
Q

What are some RF for pneumonia

A

Age
Institutionalised
Patients who have no fixed abode

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14
Q

What are some signs of RA

A

Ulnar deviation
Pain
Swan neck deformity
Boutonierre deformity

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15
Q

What is the classification of facial fracture

A

Le Fort
1) Horizontal fracture on lower maxilla

2) Complex, pyramid shaped fracture from nasal bridge to pterygoid plates
3) Trasncerse fracture of face and dissociation

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16
Q

How do gallstones appear on USS

A

Hyperechoic

17
Q

How do cysts appear on USS

A

Hypoechoic

18
Q

How would acutre cholecystitis appear on USS

A

Thickened gall bladder wall

19
Q

Where does the azygous vein run

A

Posterior right mediastinum - drains into SVC

20
Q

How does a pleural effusion appear on CT

A

Crescent shaped

Supine: Accumulates posteriorly in costophrenic sulcus

21
Q

How does PE appear on CTPA

A

Intraluminal filling defect in pulmonary arterial tree

Enlargement of main pulmonary artery and right atrium due to strain

Wedge lung infarction

Hypoperfusion in distribution of occluded vessel

22
Q

What is a feature of pancreatic cancer on CT

A

Variably dense patches

Biliary or pancreatic dilatation

23
Q

What are features of AAA on CT

A

Infrarenal aortic diameter of 3cm or mote
Mural thrombus
Calcification

24
Q

Are most brain tumours primary or mets

A

Primary most common

mets from

  • lung
  • breast
  • melanoma
  • renal
25
Q

CTH in acute setting

A

Confirm diagnosis where clinical suspicion

Exclude serious pathology

Exclude intracranial injury in head injury

26
Q

What are the radiation doses for:

  • Background:
  • CXR:
  • AXR:
  • CT chest:
  • CT head
  • CT abdo
A
  • Background: 2.7mSV
  • CXR: 0.01-2
  • AXR: 1mSV
  • CT chest: 8mSV
  • CT head - 2mSV
  • CT abdo - 10 mSV
27
Q

Why do subdurals occur

A

Torn cerebral vein

28
Q

Why do extra dural bleeds occur

A

Rupture of artery

Rarely crosses suture lines

Lucid period before rapid neurological deterioration

Rapid rise in ICP

29
Q

Why do SAH occur

A

rupture of cerebral artery aneurysm or AV malformation

Thunderclap headache

Blood between arachnoid and pia –> symptoms of meningism

May cause immediate LOC from which the patient never recovers

30
Q

How do you diagnose SAH

A

Normal brain imaging and CSF required to exclude SAH

31
Q

What are some indications to image thoracolumbar spine injury

A

Age > 65 w/ reported spinal pain

Dangerous mechanism of injury

Pre-existing spinal pathology

Suspected spinal fracture in another area

Abnormal neurological symptoms

EX:

Abnormal neurological signs

New deformity or bony midline tenderness on palpation

percussion

coughing

32
Q

What are the canadian C spine rules

A

High risk:

Age > 65

Dangerous mech

Paraesthesia to limb

Low risk:

Minor rear end shunt

Comfortable sat

Ambulatory

No midline C spine tenderness

Delayed onset neck pain

33
Q

Why do you CT the spine

A

Adults:
- Indicated by Canadian C spine

-Strong suspicion of thoracolumbosacral spin injury w/ associated neurological signs or symptoms

Children and adults:
-X ray if suspected injury w/ no signs or symptoms

-CT if XR abnormal or signs

If new spinal column fracture confirmed, image the rest of the column

34
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate

A

T5-7

35
Q

C1 fractures

A

C1

36
Q

What are the views for ankle

A

AP with 15* int rotation

Lateral

37
Q

what is SPECT heart

A

sestamibi

  • uptaken by mitochondria
  • rest and stress test

BSc Medical Imaging (5 decks)

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