Bites

Question 1

Which animal is responsible for the highest incidence of bites

Answer 1

Dogs <1 year old

Question 2

What is a common cause of bites in developing nations and combat zones

Answer 2

Wild dogs

Question 3

What is the most common pathogen found in wound infections from dog bites?

Answer 3

Pasturella multocida

Question 4

Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary for most dog bite however in a field environment consideration is warranted.

What would be indications for antibiotics for dog bites?

Answer 4

(1 Signs of infection
(2 Bite on face present for > 24 hours OR bite on extremity > 8 hours without irrigation
(3 Immunocompromised state for the victim
(4 Crush injury or significant contamination of wound
(5 Bite wounds of the hands or feet

Question 5

Antibiotics for dog bites

Answer 5

• Amoxicillin/Cla vulanate (Augmentin) 875/125 mg BID or 500/125 mg TID
• Clindamycin + fluoroquinolone 300 mg PO q 6 hours for 7 days
• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 750mg PO BID for 4-8 weeks

Question 6

Which animal has a higher infection rate in comparion to other domestic animals

Answer 6

Cats

Question 7

Antibiotics for cat bites

Answer 7

1) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin),
2) Clindamycin + fluoroquinolone if penicillin allergic

Question 8

Larger animals raise more suspicion for what injuries rather than bites?

Answer 8

• blunt and penetrating trauma
• deep arterial damage
• nerve damage
• internal organ damage

Question 9

Aeromonas hydrophila is a concern for what kind of wild animal bites

Answer 9

Fresh water (alligator or crocodile bites)

Question 10

Antibiotics for Fresh water bites (alligator or crocodiles)

Answer 10

• Trimethoprim-Sulfamethaxazole (Bactrim DS) 800mg/160mg PO q 12 hours for 7 days
• Doxycycline 100mg BID for 7 days

Question 11

Antibiotic choice for wild animal is the same as?

Answer 11

Domestic animal bites

Question 12

In salt (ocean) water, what antibiotics should be used ?

Answer 12

• Doxycycline Plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram IV daily
• Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)2 grams IV every 12 hours

Question 13

Mosquito-borne illnesses:

Answer 13

(a) Encephalitis
(b) Yellow fever
(c) Dengue
(d) Chikungunya
(e) Zika
(f) Lymphatic filariasis

Question 14

Mosquito-borne diseases found in the U.S. are:

Answer 14

(a) Eastern equine encephalitis
(b) Western equine encephalitis
(c) St. Louis encephalitis
(d) La Crosse encephalitis
(e) West Nile virus

Question 15

How long is the incubation period for mosquito borne disease

Answer 15

48 hours to one year or more

Question 16

Who should be consulted for mosquito bite treatment

Answer 16

CDC website and the local Preventive Medicine instruction/ travel medicine specialist before operations