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Environmental Condition Con Traumatic Emergencies > Bites > Flashcards

Bites Flashcards

1
Q

Which animal causes the highest incidence of domesticated animal bites

A

Dogs

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2
Q

are younger or older dogs more prone to biting humans

A

Young dongs.

Younger than 1 year

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3
Q

What pathogen is commonly found in dog bites

A

Pasteurella multocida

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4
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment of choice for

  • Bite to the face > 24 hours
  • Immunocompromised
  • Crush injury
  • Wound to hand or feet
A

Augmentin (Amoxicillin / Clavulanate) 875/125 mg BID or 500/125 mg TID

If allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin
- Clindamycin + flouroquinolone 300 mg PO q 6 hours for 7 days

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5
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment of choice for cat bites

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)

For penicillin allergy - Clindamycin+fluoroquinolone

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6
Q

What pathogen is commonly found in cat bites

A

Pasteurella

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7
Q

Aside from bacterial infections, what needs to be considered when a person is attacked by a larger animal

A

Blunt and penetrating trauma, including deep arterial damage, nerve damage, and internal organ damage

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8
Q

What antibiotic should be directed against Aeromonas hydrophila, found in fresh water and brackish water

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethaxazole (Bactrim) 160 mg TP PO q 12 hours for 7 days

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9
Q

What antibiotic should be directed against pathogens found in salt water

A

Doxycycline Plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram IV daily

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Augmetin

A

Prevents the bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of the bacteria’s outer wall

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11
Q

Do cats or dogs have a higher rate of infection?

A

Cats

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Bactrim

Adverse reaction of Bactrim

A

Bacteriostatic

Steven Johnson Syndrome

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13
Q

Where are the majority of malaria related deaths

A

Subsaharan africa

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14
Q

What are some mosquito-borne illnesses

A 
Encephalitis
Yellow fever
Dengue
Chikungunya
Zika
Lymphatic Filariasis
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15
Q

Mosquito borne diseases in the United States

A

Eastern / western equine encephalitis
St. Louis Encephalitis
La Crosse Encephalitis
West nile virus

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16
Q

What is the order of insects that sting

Bees & hornets & ants

A

Hymenoptera

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17
Q

What references should be consulted for prevention of mosquito borne illnesses

A

CDC

Preventive Medicine

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18
Q

What animals are responsible for the leading cause of death in the United States

A

Bees, hornets, and wasps

19
Q

Clinical signs of Hymenoptera Sting

A 
Diffuse red skin
Hives
Swelling of the lips and tongue 
Wheezing
Abdominal cramps
20
Q

Symptoms and signs of advanced Hymenoptera sting

A 
Hyperkalemia
Acute tubular necrosis 
renal failure
Pancreatitis
Coagulopathy
heart attack 
stroke
21
Q

What symptoms will a patient exhibit if they experience multiple stings

A 
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Dyspnea
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Syncope
22
Q

What diseases are transmitted by ticks

A 
Lyme Disease
RMSF
Relapsing Fever
Colorado Tick Fever
Ehrlichiosis
Tularemia
Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness
23
Q

Following a tick bite, what type of symptoms should be watched for as a sign of infection

A

Headache, fever, and rash

Treat with doxycycline

24
Q

What should NOT be used for Tick removal

A 
Petroleum jelly
Nail polish
Rubbing Alcohol
Hot Match
Gasoline
25
Q

Treatment for a venomous snake bite

A
  • Remove threat
  • Immobilized the patient
  • DO NOT apply tourniquet
  • Irrigate and clean the bite
  • loose dressing; expect swelling
  • MEDEVAC
  • Management of respirations and shock
26
Q

What is the treatment for envenomation by hymenoptera

A
  • Remove stinger (do not grasp sac)
  • Wash site with soap and water
  • Place a cold compress or ice on the site
  • Give oral analgesics for pain relief
  • Topical steroid cream
  • Oral antihistamines
27
Q

When a patient is envenomated by Hymenoptera, what needs to be administered with the occurrence of hives, wheezing, and respiratory difficulty

A
  • Epinephrine (Repeated in 5 to 10 minutes)
  • Beta agonist inhaler to relieve the wheezing
  • Oral steroids and antihistamines should be added when epinephrine is used
28
Q

Which type of snake venom causes respiratory paralysis

A

Neurotoxic

Coral snake

29
Q

What type of snake venom causes tissue destruction by digestion and hemorrhage due to hemolysis and destruction of the endothelial lining of blood vessels

A

Cytolytic

30
Q

What signs and symptoms are associated with Cytolitic snake venom

A 
Local pain
Redness
swelling
Extravasation of blood
Perioral tingling
Metallic taste
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension
Coagulopathy
31
Q

What signs and symptoms are associated with Neurotoxic venom snake bites

A

Ptosis
Dysphagia
Diplopia
respiratory arrest via diaphragmatic paralysis

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of a black widow spider bite

A 
Generalized muscular pain
Muscle spasms (Abdomen)
Rigidity (Abdomen)
33
Q

What relieves the pain and spasms associated with black widow bites

A

Benzodiazepines and muscle relaxants

34
Q

signs and symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite

A

local necrosis
Hemolytic reactions are rare

Late - necrotizing ulcer

35
Q

Treatment for brown recluse spider bites

A

Pain management for secondary local necrosis
Close monitoring
Antibiotic prophylaxis

36
Q

Signs an symptoms of scorpion stings

A
  • Muscle cramps
  • Twitching and jerking
  • Occasional hypertension
  • Convulsions
  • Pulmonary edema
36
Q

Signs an symptoms of scorpion stings

A
  • Muscle cramps
  • Twitching and jerking
  • Occasional hypertension
  • Convulsions
  • Pulmonary edema
37
Q

Signs and symptoms of jellyfish stings

A 
Pain
Erythema
Edema
Pruritus
Vesiculations 
Anaphylaxis
38
Q

What will aid in the treatment of a jellyfish sting

A

Identifying the species of jellyfish

39
Q

Treatment for a jellyfish sting

A

Rinse with salt water
Remove tentacles
Remove nemocysts with sand / shaving cream / baking soda / scraping off with a straight edge / sticky tape
Antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, and pain medications

40
Q

Signs and symptoms of Coneshell sting

A

Mild to severe pain
Singing or numbness
Local to total paralysis

41
Q

Treatment for coneshell sting

A

Pressure immobilization dressing and supportive care

Ventilation if symptoms worsen

42
Q

How do stingrays cause injuries

A

Barbed spines cause penetrating injury and envenomation

Environmental Condition Con Traumatic Emergencies (3 decks)

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