Bismark Flashcards
What fraction of the population was Catholic?
33%
Who did the catholic population look to for leadership?
The Pope
What happened in 1873?
May Laws were created establishing state control over Catholic Church
When were the May laws established creating control over the Catholic Church?
1873
What did the “Bread Basket Laws” do?
Financial support was withdrawn from churches that did not publicly declare state support
What year were 1800 priests exciled?
1879
In 1879, how many priests jailed or exciled?
1800
How much of church property was seized by state in 1879?
16 million RM
When was $16 million of church property seized?
1879
Support for centre party increased from 18% in 1871 to what and in what year?
28% in 1874
At this time, how much more likely was it, that protestant males would go to University
50 times
Give two disadvantages of being a catholic at this time
1) difficult to get work
2) difficult to be educated
Kulturkampf ended in 1879. Why?
Bismark didn’t find it politically helpful and needed centre party support, as he was moving against National Liberals
When did Pius XI die?
1878
Who was Pius XI replaced by and when?
By Leo XIII and 1878
What was benefit of Leo XIII replacing Pius XI?
He was willing to cooperate with the State
In 1867 where was the army budget taken out of?
Reistchag control (people were frustrated)
How much of the federal expenditure in 1867 was for the army?
80%
Who did the National Groups represent?
Poles, Danes & Catholics
How much of the vote did the National Groups get in 1874?
10%
In 1874, the National Groups got 10% of the vote, but why did it reduce after this?
People became assimilated in Germany
how many acts were passed to bring economic and administrative unity?
100 including the Riechsbank
how much of the vote did the national liberals get in 1871?
30%
how did Bismarck undermine the national liberals?
1878 election Bismark pushed tax reforms and said that if anyone supported free trade they were a traitor to the new Germany
what was the result of the 1878 election?
23%
what happened to the national liberals after 1879?
split over protectionists tariffs
what was the consequence of splitting national liberals?
left wing national liberals (liberal union union) gained 21% of vote in 1881 election, second biggest party to centre party 1884 turned into German free minded party
what made the reichstag hard to manage after 1881?
two main parties- centre and German free minded party disliked Bismark, he was politically isolated and couldn’t manage reichstag successfully
when was the national holiday that celebrated Germanys win against the French?
Sedantag 1870
when was the national flag established?
1890’s
what was the word that described German nationalism in an attempt to unite the population?
Reichsduetsche identity
what happened in schools to promote German identities?
the teaching of German over Polish or French
what did Bismark do int he late 1870s?
expelled foreign poles and jews from Germany and used education and military to enforce German identity
how did Bismark declare that socialism was a threat to Germany?
two assassination attempts in 1878
why did Bismark dissolve the Reichstag?
because they were refusing his anti-socialists laws
what was the outcome of Bismark dissolving the Reichstag?
reduced National Liberal vote by 130,000 votes and 29 seats
what did Bismark do to further crush socialism?
passed Law for Combatting the Criminal Aims of Social Democracy in October 1878
between 1878-1890 how many socialists were imprisoned?
1500
despite being pushed underground, how many members of the SPD were there by 1890?
1 million votes and 35 seats
how is the reichstag limited in power?
- reichstag members had no pay which meant only richer classes could run
- kaiser could dissolve reichstag
- reichstag couldn’t initiate legislation
what powers did the reichstag do?
- controlled budget
- difficult to dissolve reichstag on all legislation so Bismakr made concessions
what states was the army made up of?
Bavaria, Saxony, wurttenburg and Prussia
what did conscription mean?
all German men served in army for 2-3 years and they learnt Prussian values of discipline, loyalty and pride
what was agreed between Bismark and the national liberals in 1867?
military budget should remain fixed outside of reichstag control until 1872
what law did Bismark present in 1874?
army over 400,000 could be financed by federal expenditure
why did the fixed military budget affect power of reichstag?
as 80% federal expenditure was spent on the army
what did the national liberals challenge Bismark on?
fixed military budget which they compromised on for a 7 year fixed budget
how much of the vote did national groups get in 1874?
10%
how much of the vote did the SPD get in 1870s?
7%
who were the most popular party in the reichstag by 1870?
national liberals
how much of the vote did the national liberals get in 1871 and 1874?
- 30.4%
- 29.7%
When did Bismark work with the national liberals and on what?
- 1871-1879
- free trade, standardised weights and measures
why did the national liberals and bismark have tension?
bismark refused to extend parliamentary power in the reichstag
what did bismark do to the national liberals following the economic crash 1873?
try to split the national liberals and work with right wing members, where he demanded an introduction to protectionist tariffs to protect domestic business but national liberals wanted free trade
what did the national liberal vote slump to in 1878?
23% as bismarks tariffs were seen as patriotic
what further split the national liberals in 1879?
tariff bill and by 1880 they had split into two different parties
what did the left leaning national liberal party win in 1881?
21% were the progressive party
when were the breadbasket laws?
1875
summarise bismarks foreign policy, Schleswig holstein issue?
- Danes wanted schleswig
- germans wanted both
- 1848 war and was agreed that Danish king would rule both they would not be incorporated in Denmark violated 1864 so Prussia and Austrian alliance and attacked Denmark and they would have joint rule
- joint rule didn’t work so Prussia would Schleswig and Austria holstein
summarise war with Austria in Bismarks foreign policy?
- schleswig holstein issue meant astray and Prussia went to war 1866
- after 7 weeks Prussia were victorious and bismark claimed it was part of his unity plan
summarise creation of German state in Prussias foreign policy?
- treaty of Prague 1866 created north German confederation and only 4 states were independent in the south
- 2/3 of germans now in NGC
summarise franco Prussian war?
- bismark claimed unified Germany could only happen after defeating French
- 1870 Spanish offered throne to Prussian Leopold but French demanded they withdrew offer
- spain didn’t and French and Prussia went to war, French defeated at sedan 1870
summarise unification of Germany?
victorious Franco Prussian war led to final unification and German empire declared Jan 1871
-bismark took £200,000 from France in war compensation
why did catholics feel discriminated against?
1/3 of new Germany was catholic but were dominated by Protestant Prussians
talk about the constitutions federalism?
22 rulers of states
- kaiser superior as he controlled civil service and military
- kaiser proclaimed imperial laws which superseded state laws
constitution, reichstag?
- men over 25 vote
- every 5 years
constitution, unity?
- single currency created
- national legal system created
- flag created 1892
constitution, states?
- German army made up of: Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and wuttenburg
- states dedicated to leader but kaiser during wartime
- prussian dominated military
what united national liberals and bismark initially?
hatred and fear towards catholic centre party
what did bismark use as a reason to call socialism a threat?
1878 two assassination attempts on the kaiser
when and why did bismark dissolve the reichstag?
1878 as they wouldn’t pass his anti-socialist laws
how much did the national liberals vote reduce by after bismark dissolved them?
lost 130,000 votes and 29 seats
what did bismark pass 1878?
the law for combating the criminal aims of social democracy
How much money did state take from Catholic Church?
DM 16 million
