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Bismark Flashcards

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1
Q

What fraction of the population was Catholic?

A

33%

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2
Q

Who did the catholic population look to for leadership?

A

The Pope

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3
Q

What happened in 1873?

A

May Laws were created establishing state control over Catholic Church

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4
Q

When were the May laws established creating control over the Catholic Church?

A

1873

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5
Q

What did the “Bread Basket Laws” do?

A

Financial support was withdrawn from churches that did not publicly declare state support

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6
Q

What year were 1800 priests exciled?

A

1879

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7
Q

In 1879, how many priests jailed or exciled?

A

1800

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8
Q

How much of church property was seized by state in 1879?

A

16 million RM

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9
Q

When was $16 million of church property seized?

A

1879

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10
Q

Support for centre party increased from 18% in 1871 to what and in what year?

A

28% in 1874

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11
Q

At this time, how much more likely was it, that protestant males would go to University

A

50 times

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12
Q

Give two disadvantages of being a catholic at this time

A

1) difficult to get work

2) difficult to be educated

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13
Q

Kulturkampf ended in 1879. Why?

A

Bismark didn’t find it politically helpful and needed centre party support, as he was moving against National Liberals

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14
Q

When did Pius XI die?

A

1878

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15
Q

Who was Pius XI replaced by and when?

A

By Leo XIII and 1878

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16
Q

What was benefit of Leo XIII replacing Pius XI?

A

He was willing to cooperate with the State

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17
Q

In 1867 where was the army budget taken out of?

A

Reistchag control (people were frustrated)

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18
Q

How much of the federal expenditure in 1867 was for the army?

A

80%

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19
Q

Who did the National Groups represent?

A

Poles, Danes & Catholics

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20
Q

How much of the vote did the National Groups get in 1874?

A

10%

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21
Q

In 1874, the National Groups got 10% of the vote, but why did it reduce after this?

A

People became assimilated in Germany

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22
Q

how many acts were passed to bring economic and administrative unity?

A

100 including the Riechsbank

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23
Q

how much of the vote did the national liberals get in 1871?

A

30%

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24
Q

how did Bismarck undermine the national liberals?

A

1878 election Bismark pushed tax reforms and said that if anyone supported free trade they were a traitor to the new Germany

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25
Q

what was the result of the 1878 election?

A

23%

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26
Q

what happened to the national liberals after 1879?

A

split over protectionists tariffs

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27
Q

what was the consequence of splitting national liberals?

A

left wing national liberals (liberal union union) gained 21% of vote in 1881 election, second biggest party to centre party 1884 turned into German free minded party

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28
Q

what made the reichstag hard to manage after 1881?

A

two main parties- centre and German free minded party disliked Bismark, he was politically isolated and couldn’t manage reichstag successfully

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29
Q

when was the national holiday that celebrated Germanys win against the French?

A

Sedantag 1870

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30
Q

when was the national flag established?

A

1890’s

31
Q

what was the word that described German nationalism in an attempt to unite the population?

A

Reichsduetsche identity

32
Q

what happened in schools to promote German identities?

A

the teaching of German over Polish or French

33
Q

what did Bismark do int he late 1870s?

A

expelled foreign poles and jews from Germany and used education and military to enforce German identity

34
Q

how did Bismark declare that socialism was a threat to Germany?

A

two assassination attempts in 1878

35
Q

why did Bismark dissolve the Reichstag?

A

because they were refusing his anti-socialists laws

36
Q

what was the outcome of Bismark dissolving the Reichstag?

A

reduced National Liberal vote by 130,000 votes and 29 seats

37
Q

what did Bismark do to further crush socialism?

A

passed Law for Combatting the Criminal Aims of Social Democracy in October 1878

38
Q

between 1878-1890 how many socialists were imprisoned?

A

1500

39
Q

despite being pushed underground, how many members of the SPD were there by 1890?

A

1 million votes and 35 seats

40
Q

how is the reichstag limited in power?

A
  • reichstag members had no pay which meant only richer classes could run
  • kaiser could dissolve reichstag
  • reichstag couldn’t initiate legislation
41
Q

what powers did the reichstag do?

A
  • controlled budget

- difficult to dissolve reichstag on all legislation so Bismakr made concessions

42
Q

what states was the army made up of?

A

Bavaria, Saxony, wurttenburg and Prussia

43
Q

what did conscription mean?

A

all German men served in army for 2-3 years and they learnt Prussian values of discipline, loyalty and pride

44
Q

what was agreed between Bismark and the national liberals in 1867?

A

military budget should remain fixed outside of reichstag control until 1872

45
Q

what law did Bismark present in 1874?

A

army over 400,000 could be financed by federal expenditure

46
Q

why did the fixed military budget affect power of reichstag?

A

as 80% federal expenditure was spent on the army

47
Q

what did the national liberals challenge Bismark on?

A

fixed military budget which they compromised on for a 7 year fixed budget

48
Q

how much of the vote did national groups get in 1874?

A

10%

49
Q

how much of the vote did the SPD get in 1870s?

A

7%

50
Q

who were the most popular party in the reichstag by 1870?

A

national liberals

51
Q

how much of the vote did the national liberals get in 1871 and 1874?

A
  • 30.4%

- 29.7%

52
Q

When did Bismark work with the national liberals and on what?

A
  • 1871-1879

- free trade, standardised weights and measures

53
Q

why did the national liberals and bismark have tension?

A

bismark refused to extend parliamentary power in the reichstag

54
Q

what did bismark do to the national liberals following the economic crash 1873?

A

try to split the national liberals and work with right wing members, where he demanded an introduction to protectionist tariffs to protect domestic business but national liberals wanted free trade

55
Q

what did the national liberal vote slump to in 1878?

A

23% as bismarks tariffs were seen as patriotic

56
Q

what further split the national liberals in 1879?

A

tariff bill and by 1880 they had split into two different parties

57
Q

what did the left leaning national liberal party win in 1881?

A

21% were the progressive party

58
Q

when were the breadbasket laws?

A

1875

59
Q

summarise bismarks foreign policy, Schleswig holstein issue?

A
  • Danes wanted schleswig
  • germans wanted both
  • 1848 war and was agreed that Danish king would rule both they would not be incorporated in Denmark violated 1864 so Prussia and Austrian alliance and attacked Denmark and they would have joint rule
  • joint rule didn’t work so Prussia would Schleswig and Austria holstein
60
Q

summarise war with Austria in Bismarks foreign policy?

A
  • schleswig holstein issue meant astray and Prussia went to war 1866
  • after 7 weeks Prussia were victorious and bismark claimed it was part of his unity plan
61
Q

summarise creation of German state in Prussias foreign policy?

A
  • treaty of Prague 1866 created north German confederation and only 4 states were independent in the south
  • 2/3 of germans now in NGC
62
Q

summarise franco Prussian war?

A
  • bismark claimed unified Germany could only happen after defeating French
  • 1870 Spanish offered throne to Prussian Leopold but French demanded they withdrew offer
  • spain didn’t and French and Prussia went to war, French defeated at sedan 1870
63
Q

summarise unification of Germany?

A

victorious Franco Prussian war led to final unification and German empire declared Jan 1871
-bismark took £200,000 from France in war compensation

64
Q

why did catholics feel discriminated against?

A

1/3 of new Germany was catholic but were dominated by Protestant Prussians

65
Q

talk about the constitutions federalism?

A

22 rulers of states

  • kaiser superior as he controlled civil service and military
  • kaiser proclaimed imperial laws which superseded state laws
66
Q

constitution, reichstag?

A
  • men over 25 vote

- every 5 years

67
Q

constitution, unity?

A
  • single currency created
  • national legal system created
  • flag created 1892
68
Q

constitution, states?

A
  • German army made up of: Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and wuttenburg
  • states dedicated to leader but kaiser during wartime
  • prussian dominated military
69
Q

what united national liberals and bismark initially?

A

hatred and fear towards catholic centre party

70
Q

what did bismark use as a reason to call socialism a threat?

A

1878 two assassination attempts on the kaiser

71
Q

when and why did bismark dissolve the reichstag?

A

1878 as they wouldn’t pass his anti-socialist laws

72
Q

how much did the national liberals vote reduce by after bismark dissolved them?

A

lost 130,000 votes and 29 seats

73
Q

what did bismark pass 1878?

A

the law for combating the criminal aims of social democracy

74
Q

How much money did state take from Catholic Church?

A

DM 16 million

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