BIS 2C Fungi

Question 1

part of opisthokonts

Answer 1

defined as having a single posterior flagellum

Question 2

synapomorphies of fungi

Answer 2

absorptive heterotrophy, chitin in cell walls

Question 3

hypha

Answer 3

one cell wall, has chitin

Question 4

mycelium

Answer 4

main fungal body, composed of a group of hyphae

Question 5

saprobe

Answer 5

feeds off of dead or decaying material

Question 6

mycorrhiza

Answer 6

fungi associated with root of plants

Question 7

mycorrhiza symbiosis

Answer 7

fungus: provide water and minerals
plant provides sugars to fungus

Question 8

lichen symbiosis

Answer 8

lichen forming fungi are obligately dependent on their photosymbiont.
photosymbiont not obligately dependent on lichen symbiosis

Question 9

photobiont

Answer 9

~ 100 species of green algae and cyanobacteria know to form lichens

Question 10

green algae

Answer 10

85% of lichens just with green algae

Question 11

cyanobacteria

Answer 11

10% of lichens just with cyanobacteria

Question 12

green algae and cyanobacteria

Answer 12

5% of lichens with both green algae and cyanobacteria

Question 13

leafcutter ants and fungi symbiosis

Answer 13

evolved at least 5 different agricultural systems. ants cultivate fungus

Question 14

zygomycota

Answer 14

coenocytic hyphae. example: rhizopus causes bread mold

Question 15

glomermycota

Answer 15

coenocytic hyphae. no sexual production observed. form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 16

plasmogamy

Answer 16

fusion of cells

Question 17

karyogamy

Answer 17

fusion of nuclei

Question 18

dikaryon

Answer 18

(n+n). 2 distinct haploid nuclei inside one cell or hyphae

Question 19

generalized fungal life cycle

Answer 19

no gametes, haploid phase, produces spores

Question 20

economic importance of fungi

Answer 20

food, fermented beverages, medical, biofuels, cultural, industrial

Question 21

primary metabolite

Answer 21

produced during active cell growth

Question 22

secondary metabolite

Answer 22

produced near offset of stationary phase

Question 23

aflatoxin

Answer 23

produced by aspergillus. can have lethal effects on animals.

Question 24

mycotoxins

Answer 24

cause secondary infections or chronic diseases

Question 25

white nose syndrome

Answer 25

pseudogymnoascus. grows around mouth, nose and wings of hibernating bats. both body temperature and immune system is depressed

Question 26

ascomycota

Answer 26

largest group of fungi
ascus with 8 spores in a sac
cup like fruiting bodies
example: yeasts and mold
asexual reproduction

Question 27

basidiomycota

Answer 27

basidium with 4 spores on a club
fruiting bodies highly specialized

Question 28

enclosed fruiting bodies (truffles, puffballs) within asco and basidio

Answer 28

evolved multiple times

Question 29

subterranean fruiting bodies evolved multiple times

Answer 29

largely dispersed by animals

Question 30

brown rot fungi

Answer 30

capable of breaking down cellulose and hemicellulose but leave lignin behind