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AHIS 321 > Birth of greek art - painting > Flashcards

Birth of greek art - painting Flashcards

1
Q

Who influenced the Mycenaeans art?

A

The Minoans

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2
Q

What marked the end of the Bronze age and beginning of the Iron?

A

When the Dorians invaded and took over the Peloponnese around 1100-1000 BC

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3
Q

Who are the 3 major groups of greek speakers?

A

Aeolians, Ionians and Dorians

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4
Q

What is one of the main things that fostered inter-Greek fighting and hostilities?

A

The geography of Greece (mountains and oceans) kept groups separated and fostered the xenophobia between the groups

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5
Q

What is another name for the Greek Dark Ages and what caused it?

A

The Geometric period which was caused by the unrest and collapse of the Mycenaean civilization in 1150-800 BC

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6
Q

What is the early chronology of Bronze age through the Geometric period?

A
  • Early Bronze Age: 3000-2000
    -Middle Bronze Age: 2000-1600
  • Late Bronze Age: 1600-1000
    • Sub Mycenaean: 1150-1000
  • Geometric: 1000-700
    • Proto-Geometric: 1000-900
    • Full Geometric: 900-700
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7
Q

How is the Geometric era divided?

A

By approximation through the study of stratigraphy (strata/layers in the earth), mainly done through the pottery in this time

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8
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the Toreador Fresco?

A
  • Characteristic of Minoan Fresco Painting: liveliness of color and interest in Naturalism
  • Shows a man holding the horns of a bull (similar to bull riding/leaping)
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9
Q

What is the difference between a bueno fresco and a fresco secco?

A

Bueno fresco is a true freso which is painting on wet plastered surfaces
Fresco secco is painting on a dry wall

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10
Q

What are the Flotilla fresco from Thera?

A

Wall paintings that were buried due to an earthquake and volcanic eruption

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11
Q

What do the people in the Musician Mural from Palace of Nestor on Pulos look like?

A

Abstract, their natural forms were reduced to abstract ones which is a defining characteristic of the Geometric period

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12
Q

What is stylize?

A

A transformation or distortion of natural forms for decorative effects

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13
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the Mycenaean “Warrior Vase”?

A
  • Has a freeze, a horizontal zone picture
  • Repeats forms like a cookie cutter
  • Devoid of any Minoan influences
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14
Q

What in the designs on pottery showed the economic status of Greece during the Geometric period?

A

The shapes stayed the same but the painting became sloppier and more carless, the decline in the designs shows the decline of the economic status and that people no longer had the time or the money tho make decorative vases

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15
Q

When did the new geometric form style come in and what was it called?

A

Around 1000 BC and it was called the Proto-Geometric period

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16
Q

What stylistic choices marked the Proto-Geometric period?

A
  • Marked by the experimentation in shapes of vessels and a change in the attitude towards the decoration of the pots
  • Uses circles drawn with a compass or with brushes
    • Mainly see wavy lines and circles as well as half circles that look like a rising sun
  • Showed the desire to cover more of the vase in black
  • Only middle zone of vessel shows shapes
    -Becomes more complicated over time
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17
Q

What is the Doric order for pottery?

A
  • Middle of the vase are Triglyph frieze or Metope and triglyph
  • Also known as tectonic composition
  • Frieze is further embellished
  • Triglyph has complex diamond patterns while the frieze has circles
  • The order comes from architecture
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18
Q

What happened to the proto geometric period in Athens around 900-700 BC?

A

It evolved into the full geometric
- Elaborated on the previous geometric vessels
- Greek key (like a maze)
- Dentils (tooth like patterns)
- Herringbone patterns
(diamonds or triangles)
- Around 800-700 increasingly gave way to an increase in bands that gave way to multiple bands of patterns
- Stylized animals started to appear more frequently in pottery (occasionally seen in proto geometric)

19
Q

What are prosthesis scenes?

A

Laying a corpse on a bier (funerary couch)
- more mourners means a person is more wealth because they were able to hire people to wail and tear a their hair at funerals, also were able to pay for vessels like this

20
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the Geometric Krater, ca 750-700?

A
  • Frieze has expanded to bellow as well as between the handles
  • Surrounding vessel is mounters
  • There is a shroud above the body
  • Ekphora below the body, meant to cary the body away, drawn by horses
  • Birds are used as a filler pattern
  • Has repeating motif of warriors on horse drawn carriages
  • Charioteers have taken the form and shape of their egg-shaped shield
  • Horses seem to share a single body but uses a smaller head in attempt to make it look like there are two horses
21
Q

What is Horror Vacui?

A

Dread of emptiness
- Dread of having any empty space in a geometric pottery/art

22
Q

What is one of the last examples of a true Mycenaean stone sculpture?

A

The Lion Gate and Vitadel at Mycenae from ca 1250 BC
- Large relief block carved coin which is two lions posed upon either side of a large column that tappers downward
- The heads were carved separately and attached with pins to the larger block

23
Q

How tall did sculptures in the Geometric period tend to be?

A

1-6 inches in size
- Nothing close to human size yet
- Tended to be executed in terracotta, metal, bone, wood and ivory
- Most smaller figures served functional purposes such as being handles

24
Q

What is a votive offering?

A

Gift to a god in keeping with a vow

25
Q

What are the key features of the Geometric Horse from the 8th century made of bronze?

A
  • Natural forms have been reduced to natural and harmonious curves
  • Static nature of the curve is a result of its strong tectonic formation (focuses on verticals and horizontals)
  • Bears a close resemblance to the horses from geometric pottery
26
Q

What are the key features of the Tessailian Warrior ca. 750 BC

A
  • Humans represented as the total of all the parts of their body
  • Neck is elongated, calves are broadened and the testicles are enlarged
  • Facial features look like they are simple and stuck on
  • Naked except for a multiple band belt and a pointed cap
  • There seems to be no harmony or bone structure to the body of the man
  • Hole in hand that shows he had held a spear and wears a shield that looks like the ones seen in geometric pottery
27
Q

Why were votive statues intentionally buried?

A

It would be sacrilege to melt them down since they were sacrifices to the gods

28
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Spearman from Olympia?

A
  • Hands that look like they should be able to hod spears
  • Body is more compact than that of the the Thessalian
  • Stull has little sense of natural bone structure
  • Contorts of the figurines triangular torso is naturally rounded
  • Butt, knees and calves are more well-articulated
  • Har looks more like a raised skullcap-like hair
  • Facial features are still more exaggerated
29
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the Warrior and Centaur ca 750 BC

A
  • Conical helmet makes it clear they are ment to be warriors
  • Static nature of tectonic figures makes it look like they are embracing despite them being in battle
  • Looks like there was supposed to be an attachment where a sword or thunderbolt is supposed to be being thrust into the centaurs side
  • Thought to be either Zeus thrusting a thunderbolt into a centaur (Kronos) or Herakles thrusting a sword into the centaur (Nessos)
  • Optimum view is the profile view (for understanding the piece as a whole)
30
Q

Where does our understanding of Minoan houses architecture come from?

A
  • From the foundations of the houses
  • Faience plaques representing house facades (ca 1.5 inches in height)
31
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the Palace at Knossos ca 1700-1400 BC

A
  • Much bigger, one of the largest Minoan Palaces
  • Ruins of the palace lay in a fertile plain near the sea
  • Built up against a relatively low hill
  • Believed the palace began as a town with buildings built around a Public Square and slowly became a palace as a large roof covered over said open air arias which would explain the strange hallways and lines of movement
    • seldom on axis
    • Suggests that this palace wasn’t preplanned as a whole
32
Q

Mycenae ca 1400-1200 BC

A
  • Mycenaean palaces usually crowned the summit of the hills
  • Surrounded by large, fortified, defensive walls
  • Had large gates and cyclopean walls
  • Stone blocks of the walls were all set without motor
  • Had a ramp on the outside so any warriors coming to attack would have one side of their bodies exposed
  • Walls were broken by hallways made from a corbelled Arch
  • Mycenaean palaces were pre planned before being built
  • Had a chief Megaron in the middle of the courtyard (becomes the nucleus of Greek temples)
33
Q

What was the basic plan of an early Geometric Greek temples?

A
  • Naos: a living space, may refer to a temple as a whole, later on is usually equated with the main cult room of a temple and is equivalent to the latin term cella (held a cult image)
  • Had a main megaron
  • Buildings had high peak roofs
  • Could be rectangular or apsidal (in the form of a curved recess or apse)
  • Thermon - a complex of houses that were old megarons
  • Temenos - the boundary of a sanctuary
  • Had an acutely sloping roof (more likely they actually had roofs that didn’t slope as much)
34
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the rebuilt temple of Hera in the 6th century BC at Samos

A
  • Consisted of a single chamber called a hekatompedon (100 feet long)
  • had a base for cult image and wooden posts on longitudinal axis
  • First temple is only 20 feet wide which makes it seem longer
  • Posts divide the temple into two spaces
  • Peripteral plan: the surrounding of a temple building with a portico or colonnade, the surrounding is also called a pteron
  • Plans of an end end of the geometric period Greek temple had a colonnade of wooden columns on all four sides
35
Q

When was the oriental period in painting?

A

Roughly 700-600 BC in the Greek Colonies
- Influence of the near east (middle east) and Egypt on art in Greece

36
Q

Where did Greek contacts with the east come through from 1000-600 BC?

A

Colonization
- In the east, most of the colonies were along the western coast of Asia minor
- Ionia was an area of Greek colonization in Asia Minor
- Naucratis and Al Mina were other Greek colonies, both trade centers that are only known to us through archeology
- Tip of Italy became so Hellenized that it became known as Magna Graccia by the Romans

37
Q

What things did the Greeks learn/borrow from the East during 1000-600 BC?

A
  • Learned metal work, use of molds, ivory carving, and terracotta
  • Borrowed plant and animal motifs such as lions, sphixes, griffins, roosters, lotus flowers, palmettes, intertwined tendrils and Potnia Theron animas
  • Vase painters discovered the possibilities of legendary and mythological subjects in the 7th century
38
Q

What styles was pottery of the oriental period marked by?

A

Curved lines and lively colors

39
Q

What is an Aryballos?

A

A small vase for scenting oil commonly used by athletes
- was about 3” tall and did not exceed a height of 4”

40
Q

What changed about the use of human and animal forms during the oriental period?

A

They began to expand, fill out, and gain volume
- Muscles and joints become more formed
- Defined through the black-figure technique

41
Q

What is the black figure technique?

A

A painting technique in which figures are silhouetted in black against a light ground and details are added with incised lines; black-figures were first developed by Corinthian painters

42
Q

What is polychromy?

A

Use of several colors in painting

43
Q

What is monochromy?

A

Use of predominantly one color

44
Q
A

AHIS 321 (1 decks)

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