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Health > Birth Control > Flashcards

Birth Control Flashcards

1
Q

How is abstinence used?

A

Choosing not to have vaginal or anal intercourse, or oral sex or skin to skin contact including genital touching.

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2
Q

Side effects of abstinence

A

None

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3
Q

Effectiveness for pregnancy and STI’s?

A

100% effective for both

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4
Q

Availability/cost of abstinence

A

Readily available by choice, free

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5
Q

How is a male condom used?

A
  • Latex sheath placed over the penis
  • blocks passage of sperm
  • may only be used once
  • some have spermicide to kill sperm
  • non oil-based lubricants can be used with condoms
  • the only form of male contraception
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6
Q

Side effects of a male condom?

A
  • none unless the person is allergic to latex

- in this case a polyurethane (non-latex) condom could be used. (Lambskin as well)

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7
Q

Effectiveness of male condoms for pregnancy and STI’s

A
  • 85% (without spermicide) up to 98% against pregnancy

- Highly effective for reducing the risk of infection from HIV and other STI’s

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8
Q

Availability/cost

A
  • Clinics, pharmacies, grocery stores, corner stores, vending machines
  • free to aprox $15/pkg of 12
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9
Q

How is a female condom used?

A
  • Lubricated polyurethane sheath shaped similarly to male condom
  • Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse
  • the closed end which has a flexible ring is inserted into the vagina while the open end remains outside partially covering the labia
  • acts as a physical barrier preventing sperm from entering the vaginal/cervical canal
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10
Q

Side effects of female condoms?

A
  • none

- female has to be comfortable with her body to use this

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11
Q

Effectiveness for female condoms pregnancy and STI’s

A

79% up to 95% if used correctly and consistently every time

-may provide better STI protection than male condom because the outer ring covers both the labia and base of the penis

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12
Q

Availability/cost for female condoms

A
  • clinics and pharmacies

- $3 each

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13
Q

How is withdrawl used?

A
  • male pulls his penis out of the vagina before he ejaculates
  • male has to have self-control and ability to expect orgasms so that he pulls out at the right time
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14
Q

Side effects of withdrawl?

A

-pre-ejaculate could cause pregnancy and/or transmit an STI

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15
Q

Effectiveness for withdrawl for pregnancy and STI’s

A
  • 73% to 96% against pregnancy

- No protection against STI’s

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16
Q

Availability/cost of withdrawl

A

Free

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17
Q

How is a contraceptive sponge used?

A
  • disk-shaped polyurethane device containing spermicide
  • inserted in vagina to cover the cervix
  • sponge absorbs semen and the spermicide in the sponge kill semen
  • remains effective for 12 hours and must be left in place 6 hours following last intercourse (but no longer than 12 hours)
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18
Q

Side effects of the contraceptive sponge?

A

Spermicide causes irritation to some women
-if left in the vagina for more than recommended, symptoms of toxic shock syndrome may occur (fever, shock, problems with body organs)

19
Q

Effectiveness for contraceptive sponge for pregnancy and STI’s

A
  • 68% to 84% (rates improve if the method is used correctly and consistently)
  • a latex condom should be used every time for STI protection
20
Q

Availability/cost of contraceptive sponges

A
  • pharmacies

- $10 to $20 per pack of 4

21
Q

How is vaginal spermicide used?

A
  • available in foam, cream, jelly, film, suppository tablets
  • contains an ingredient that weakens sperm
  • should be used with another form of birth control
  • must be inserted before sex (time depends on product)
22
Q

Side effects of spermicide?

A
  • irritation may occur in 2-4% of users
  • some people are allergic
  • nay increase risk or spread of STI’s by causing small breaks or tears in the lining of the vagina, anus and tip if penis
23
Q

Effectiveness for spermicide for pregnancy and STI’s

A
  • 71-82%

- a condom should be used every single time for STI protection

24
Q

Availability/cost of spermicides?

A
  • pharmacies

- 15-20$

25
Q

Birth control pill how it is used?

A
  • Oral contraceptive
  • suppresses ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries) by the combined actions of estrogen and progestrone
26
Q

What are the side effects of the pill?

A
  • woman over the age of 35 who smoke, and women with certain medical conditions such as a history of blood clots or breast endometrial cancer may be advised against taking the pill
  • may contribute to cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, blood clots, blockage of the arteries
  • other effects which often subside in a few months are nausea, headache, breast tenderness, weight gain, irregular bleeding and depression
27
Q

Effectiveness for the pill for pregnancy and STI’s

A

92-99% effective when taken according to directions

-no protection against STI’s

28
Q

Availability/cost of the pill?

A
  • by prescription only

- 7-20$ per package

29
Q

How is Depo-Provera used?

A
  • Synthetic progesterone that is injected into buttocks or arm muscle every 3 months
  • inhibits ovulation, changes cervical mucus to help prevent sperm from reaching the egg and changes the uterine lining to prevent the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus
30
Q

Depo-Privera side effects?

A

-irregular or missed periods, weight gain, nervousness, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness

31
Q

Effectiveness for Depo-Privera for pregnancy and STI’s

A
  • 97-99% effective against pregnancy

- no protection against STI’s

32
Q

Availability/cost of depo-provera?

A
  • clinics and physicians

- 25-40$

33
Q

How is the emergency contraceptive (ECP) pill used?

A
  • delays/inhibits ovulation
  • Keeps fertilized egg from implanting in uterine wall
  • thick mucus is secreted by the cervix which helps to block sperm from travelling further into the uterus
  • these pills are not effective once fertilized egg implants
  • used only when other methods are believed to have failed or a woman has had unprotected intercourse or is a victim of sexual assault
  • must be taken within 72 hours of intercourse to be effective
  • 2 prescribed pills are taken as soon as possible after intercourse
34
Q

What are the side effects of ECP?

A
  • this is not intended as a method of birth control and is for emergency use only
  • nausea, vomiting
  • pill contains hormones that will change the woman’s current cycle
35
Q

Effectiveness for ECP for pregnancy and STI’s

A
  • 95% if taken within the first the 24 hours after intercourse
  • 85% if taken 25-48 hours after intercourse
  • 58% if taken 49-72 house after intercourse
  • no protection against STI’s
36
Q

Availability/cost of ECP?

A
  • physician or qualified health care provider at walk in clinic, hospital emergency department, doctor’s office or clinic
  • 10-20$
37
Q

How is Evra (the patch) used?

A
  • patch should be started on the first day of period
  • patch is worn for 3 weeks, no patch for 1
  • new patch must be put on each week at the same time
  • patch may be worn on upper outer arm, upper torso, buttock or abdomin
  • prevents ovulation
  • thickens cervical mucus which slows movement of sperm through the cervix
38
Q

The patch side effects?

A

-spotting or bleeding between periods
- nausea or vomiting
-fluid retention
headaches
-sore breasts
-missed periods

39
Q

Effectiveness for the patch for pregnancy and STI’s

A

92-99% effective against pregnancy if worn correctly/no protection against STI’s

40
Q

Availability/cost of the patch?

A

12$ per package

41
Q

How is the Nuva ring used?

A
  • ring must be inserted into the vagina
  • counting first day of menstrual period as day 1 the ring must be inserted within the first 5 days
  • ring stays in for 3 weeks then is taken out for 1
  • prevents ovulation and thickens mucus in the cervix (similar to patch and pill)
42
Q

Side effects of the nuva ring?

A
  • headache
  • nausea
  • breast tenderness
  • spotting/bleeding between periods
  • missed periods
  • weight changes
43
Q

Effectiveness for Nuva Ring for pregnancy and STI’s

A

92-99% effective against pregnancy when used according to directions on label

44
Q

Availability/cost for nuva ring?

A

$12 per package

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