Birth Control Flashcards
How is abstinence used?
Choosing not to have vaginal or anal intercourse, or oral sex or skin to skin contact including genital touching.
Side effects of abstinence
None
Effectiveness for pregnancy and STI’s?
100% effective for both
Availability/cost of abstinence
Readily available by choice, free
How is a male condom used?
- Latex sheath placed over the penis
- blocks passage of sperm
- may only be used once
- some have spermicide to kill sperm
- non oil-based lubricants can be used with condoms
- the only form of male contraception
Side effects of a male condom?
- none unless the person is allergic to latex
- in this case a polyurethane (non-latex) condom could be used. (Lambskin as well)
Effectiveness of male condoms for pregnancy and STI’s
- 85% (without spermicide) up to 98% against pregnancy
- Highly effective for reducing the risk of infection from HIV and other STI’s
Availability/cost
- Clinics, pharmacies, grocery stores, corner stores, vending machines
- free to aprox $15/pkg of 12
How is a female condom used?
- Lubricated polyurethane sheath shaped similarly to male condom
- Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse
- the closed end which has a flexible ring is inserted into the vagina while the open end remains outside partially covering the labia
- acts as a physical barrier preventing sperm from entering the vaginal/cervical canal
Side effects of female condoms?
- none
- female has to be comfortable with her body to use this
Effectiveness for female condoms pregnancy and STI’s
79% up to 95% if used correctly and consistently every time
-may provide better STI protection than male condom because the outer ring covers both the labia and base of the penis
Availability/cost for female condoms
- clinics and pharmacies
- $3 each
How is withdrawl used?
- male pulls his penis out of the vagina before he ejaculates
- male has to have self-control and ability to expect orgasms so that he pulls out at the right time
Side effects of withdrawl?
-pre-ejaculate could cause pregnancy and/or transmit an STI
Effectiveness for withdrawl for pregnancy and STI’s
- 73% to 96% against pregnancy
- No protection against STI’s
Availability/cost of withdrawl
Free
How is a contraceptive sponge used?
- disk-shaped polyurethane device containing spermicide
- inserted in vagina to cover the cervix
- sponge absorbs semen and the spermicide in the sponge kill semen
- remains effective for 12 hours and must be left in place 6 hours following last intercourse (but no longer than 12 hours)
Side effects of the contraceptive sponge?
Spermicide causes irritation to some women
-if left in the vagina for more than recommended, symptoms of toxic shock syndrome may occur (fever, shock, problems with body organs)
Effectiveness for contraceptive sponge for pregnancy and STI’s
- 68% to 84% (rates improve if the method is used correctly and consistently)
- a latex condom should be used every time for STI protection
Availability/cost of contraceptive sponges
- pharmacies
- $10 to $20 per pack of 4
How is vaginal spermicide used?
- available in foam, cream, jelly, film, suppository tablets
- contains an ingredient that weakens sperm
- should be used with another form of birth control
- must be inserted before sex (time depends on product)
Side effects of spermicide?
- irritation may occur in 2-4% of users
- some people are allergic
- nay increase risk or spread of STI’s by causing small breaks or tears in the lining of the vagina, anus and tip if penis
Effectiveness for spermicide for pregnancy and STI’s
- 71-82%
- a condom should be used every single time for STI protection
Availability/cost of spermicides?
- pharmacies
- 15-20$
Birth control pill how it is used?
- Oral contraceptive
- suppresses ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries) by the combined actions of estrogen and progestrone
What are the side effects of the pill?
- woman over the age of 35 who smoke, and women with certain medical conditions such as a history of blood clots or breast endometrial cancer may be advised against taking the pill
- may contribute to cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, blood clots, blockage of the arteries
- other effects which often subside in a few months are nausea, headache, breast tenderness, weight gain, irregular bleeding and depression
Effectiveness for the pill for pregnancy and STI’s
92-99% effective when taken according to directions
-no protection against STI’s
Availability/cost of the pill?
- by prescription only
- 7-20$ per package
How is Depo-Provera used?
- Synthetic progesterone that is injected into buttocks or arm muscle every 3 months
- inhibits ovulation, changes cervical mucus to help prevent sperm from reaching the egg and changes the uterine lining to prevent the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus
Depo-Privera side effects?
-irregular or missed periods, weight gain, nervousness, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness
Effectiveness for Depo-Privera for pregnancy and STI’s
- 97-99% effective against pregnancy
- no protection against STI’s
Availability/cost of depo-provera?
- clinics and physicians
- 25-40$
How is the emergency contraceptive (ECP) pill used?
- delays/inhibits ovulation
- Keeps fertilized egg from implanting in uterine wall
- thick mucus is secreted by the cervix which helps to block sperm from travelling further into the uterus
- these pills are not effective once fertilized egg implants
- used only when other methods are believed to have failed or a woman has had unprotected intercourse or is a victim of sexual assault
- must be taken within 72 hours of intercourse to be effective
- 2 prescribed pills are taken as soon as possible after intercourse
What are the side effects of ECP?
- this is not intended as a method of birth control and is for emergency use only
- nausea, vomiting
- pill contains hormones that will change the woman’s current cycle
Effectiveness for ECP for pregnancy and STI’s
- 95% if taken within the first the 24 hours after intercourse
- 85% if taken 25-48 hours after intercourse
- 58% if taken 49-72 house after intercourse
- no protection against STI’s
Availability/cost of ECP?
- physician or qualified health care provider at walk in clinic, hospital emergency department, doctor’s office or clinic
- 10-20$
How is Evra (the patch) used?
- patch should be started on the first day of period
- patch is worn for 3 weeks, no patch for 1
- new patch must be put on each week at the same time
- patch may be worn on upper outer arm, upper torso, buttock or abdomin
- prevents ovulation
- thickens cervical mucus which slows movement of sperm through the cervix
The patch side effects?
-spotting or bleeding between periods
- nausea or vomiting
-fluid retention
headaches
-sore breasts
-missed periods
Effectiveness for the patch for pregnancy and STI’s
92-99% effective against pregnancy if worn correctly/no protection against STI’s
Availability/cost of the patch?
12$ per package
How is the Nuva ring used?
- ring must be inserted into the vagina
- counting first day of menstrual period as day 1 the ring must be inserted within the first 5 days
- ring stays in for 3 weeks then is taken out for 1
- prevents ovulation and thickens mucus in the cervix (similar to patch and pill)
Side effects of the nuva ring?
- headache
- nausea
- breast tenderness
- spotting/bleeding between periods
- missed periods
- weight changes
Effectiveness for Nuva Ring for pregnancy and STI’s
92-99% effective against pregnancy when used according to directions on label
Availability/cost for nuva ring?
$12 per package
