Birth And Fertility Flashcards
Define birth rate
Number of live birth per 1000 of the population per year
Define the fertility rate
Average number of children women will have during their fertile years
Birth rate in 1900
28.7
Birth rate in 2019
10.7
Total fertility rate in 1900
6
Total fertility rate in 2019
1.65
Reasons for decline in birth rate
- changes in women position
- decline in infant mortality
- increased cost of children
How has a change in a women’s position decreased birth rate
2nd wave feminism- increased in gender equality
Harper: eduction of women is the most important reason for fall in birth rate
- learn about Abortion and conception laws/ improved knowledge of sex education
- more opportunities- sue sharpe priority shift
How has the decline in mortality decreased birth rate
Fewer babies being born
Parents used to have more children to replace those they had lost eg insurance child
Reason less children die = healthcare, technology, nutrition
Why has the increase in of children decreased the birth rate
19th century’s = children economic asset
However with the introduction of child labour law and compulsory children became less of a financial benefit
Child centred society
Raising a child to the age of 21 cost 230000
How can the number of babies born affect society
Affects a dependency ratio - which is the relationship between the size of the working part of the population and the size of the non-working part o the pulsation
Contraceptive laws
Abortion legalised - 1967
Contraceptive pill - for married women 1961 for unmarried women 1967
Giddens
Settling later therefor babies later and become infertail
