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Special Species > Birds > Flashcards

Birds Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of feathers are these?

A

the first one is: Contour

the second one is: Down

these are the ones you will pluck for wound care & related procedures

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2
Q

Powder Down feathers

A

tips of feather start breaking up- making a powder

hypersensitivity rxn, esp Macaw birds. Macaw respiratory syndrome

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3
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

feather tracts- naked patch of skin good for jugular blood draw

moving the feathers to the sides for physical exam or wound care

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4
Q

______ is the shedding of old feathers to be replaced by new feathers

A

molting

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5
Q

Make sure to check for ___ before trimming the wing feathers

A

blood feathers (growing feathers)

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6
Q

How do we treat a broken blood feather?

A

pluck it -some vets disagree

broken blood feathers are a common emergency

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7
Q

Explain preening

A

“zip”

barbs and barbules get zipped together so the birds feathers are together and smooth

healthy birds preen… a bird that doesn’t preen looks dirty and ungroomed

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8
Q

Do feathers cover the entire area of a birds body?

Label A & B

A

no

A= Pterylae

B= Apteria

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9
Q

Jugular bird venipuncture

A

right is bigger than left

located in feather tract so move feathers aside to view

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10
Q

How would you remove the feathers to clean up a wound?

A

pluck by hand or forceps- contour and down feathers

(very thin skin, careful putting holes into it)

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11
Q

What do the red arrows indicate?

A

Stress bars

they mean something happened during development of the feathers

may be vitamin A deficiency

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12
Q

What is the lesion?

A

feather cysts

ingrown feathers

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13
Q

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease

A
  • most important virus in practice
  • affects young birds
  • clinical signs can be delayed
  • circovirus: immunosuppressive
  • high mortality in some birds
  • acute and chronic forms
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14
Q

What is the pic showing?

A

feather dystrophy

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15
Q

What are the pictures showing?

A

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) Circovirus

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16
Q

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) Diagnosis

A
  • blood test: PCR assay
  • feathers, dander, environment
  • positive blood tests: repeat in 90 days
  • inclusion bodies on follicle biopsy
  • juvenile birds: CBC
  • WCC <1,000 indicative in some birds
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17
Q

On a pre-purchase health exam of a 7 yr green cheeked conure, you astutely notice a small, bilobed swelling at the base of the tail that has a few protruding short feathers. It feels greasy and the bird is sensitive to the touch. What do you recommend to the owner?

A

do nothing, this is a normal anatomic structure in this species

its the preen gland

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18
Q
A
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19
Q
A

c. surgical removal of the feather follicles

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20
Q

Flight feathers in the wings are attached to the _____; remember this when handling birds

A

bones

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21
Q

Elbow joint venipuncture site

A

basilar vein (wing vein)

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22
Q

Cavities of _____ bones are filled with diverticula from air sacs (called ____ bones)

A

long bones- humerus and femur

pneumatic bone

23
Q

T/F: open fractures are common in birds

A

true

24
Q

Open fractures are common and it is imperative that you determine if the fragments are….

A

viable or dead

25
Q

Where is most of the birds muscle mass located?

A

centrally

26
Q

What is the subcutaneous tissue like in a bird?

A

skin is thin and they have little SQ tissue

27
Q

Bird cervical vertebrae

A

they have >7 cervical vertebrae

neck is 2.5x longer than mammals and has greater flexibility

flexible neck and strong beak “replace” the hands

28
Q

_____ = fused thoracic vertebrae

A

notarium

29
Q

_____ = fused lumbar and sacral vertebrae

A

synsacrum

30
Q

Common vertebra fracture site

A

between the notarium and synsacrum

31
Q

Sternum (keel) clinical importance

A
32
Q

Explain how we body condition score birds

A

representation of transverse section of the sternum and pectoral musculature

33
Q

BCS? Why is the skin yellow?

A

Obesity

skin is yellow from fat

34
Q

What is important when positioning birds for radiographs?

A

make sure the keel is superimposed with the spine!

symmetry and alignment is important!

35
Q

What is important to remember when restraining birds?

A

DO NOT restrict the movement of keel and ribs

36
Q

Label the bone

A

clavicle

37
Q

Label the bone

A

Coracoid

38
Q

label the bone

A

scapula

39
Q

Can you flush (irrigate) a pneumatic bone for wound care?

A

we worry about introducing bacteria

use gauze to contain water use smaller needle, be careful

40
Q

When placing an intraosseous catheter in a bird, which of the following bones would be the most appropriate to use?

a. humerus
b. radius
c. coracoid
d. femur
e. ulna
f. tibiotarsus
g. E & F

A

E & F:

e. ulna
f. tibiotarsus

41
Q

Locations for the intra osseous catheter

A

radius and ulna

(check placement with radiograph)

42
Q

Patagium & Patagial ligaments

A

triangular area composed of skin and elastic tissue

major (leading edge of wing- palpate its integrity)

43
Q

When examing birds, where should we hold the bird?

A

hold the bird by bony structures during exams

44
Q

label the structure

A

choana aka palatine fissue

check for sampling

45
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to?

A

tracheal opening

46
Q

What is unique about bird tracheas?

do birds have an epiglotis?

A

they have complete tracheal rings

no epiglotis

47
Q

Can we take samples from a birds trachea?

A

yes, sample with swab w or w/o anesthesia

48
Q

Nasal flush

A

put water in nostrils and it comes out choana slit to get sample

49
Q

Where do foriegn bodies commonly get stuck in birds?

A

tracheal bifurcation = syrinx

it should look very clean

50
Q

____ is the voice box at the tracheal bifurcation

A

syrinx

51
Q

Ostium

A

connection b/t bronchi with air sacs

little holes connecting

52
Q

Parabronchi

A

tertiary bronchi

transport air to through the lung

air capillaries where gas exchange occurs as the air flows through

53
Q

What tissue is pictures?

A

lungs: honeycomb pattern created by parabronchi

54
Q
A

Special Species (2 decks)

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