Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Vertebrae > Birds! > Flashcards

Birds! Flashcards

1
Q

what are unique characteristics about australian birds?

A

they are angry -
plovers
magpies

eat sweet food
live in complex societies - helpers, feeding each others young
lead long lives -
attack other birds
be intelligent and long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a distinct features of Passerines

A

Perching feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Australian has high or low endemism?

A

low endermism -Both native (naturally occuring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do PNG and Australia overlap in terms of birds?

A

It is considered one geographic unit - called Sahul.

endemism is higher in sahul - 12 of all bird famil (90% bird genera)

Important relationship - bird species breed in aus and migrate to PNG.

PBG had a land bridge when sea water was lower - PNG was connected to aus. Fauna and flora would cross over to PNG when the continents were connected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are distinct features of Passerines

A

42% of bird species

mostly small, except crows/ravens and lyrebirds

3 toes grip forward, 1 backward- grip around the back and no webbing between
no swimming or live in water
monophyletic group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a ratites (example)

A

an emu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are non Passerines?

A

Order: Accipitriformes - grabbing foot - eagles
Order: Psittaciformes - climbing foot - parrots
palmate feet: digit 1 is backwards, and digits 2,3 and 4 are connected by webbing - ducks, geese
semipalmate: similar to palmate but the webbing is smaller - plovers
lobate: backwards digit and digits 2,3,4 have lobes of skin surrounding them - coots
totipalmate: all four digits connected by webbing - pelican
walking/running foot - three toes - emu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plates - evolution of birds

A

All different continents in one land mass - caled pangaea
Broke up 150 million years ago into gondwana (africa, south america and australia) and laurasia (northern continents)

gondwana has similarities in sub species

continents broke up into current continents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bird do we have australia from africa?

A

Pitta - only suboscines

recent arrivals - 40000
rainforest dwellers - feed on giant snails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What two sub groups were made from the order passeriformes?

A

Corvida - australian songbirds
Passerida - old world insect eaters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Order Passeriformes
sub-order - Passeres ‘songbirds’ corvida
Super family menuroidea
families: name two

A
  1. Lyrebirds : Superb and alberts

have most incredible songs, only unique set of songs - mimicry - order to contrast to create virtuosity - ground dwellers.
both females and males sing and mimic

  1. scrub birds - noisy and rufous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Order Passeriformes
sub-order - Passeres ‘songbirds’ corvida
Super family: meliphagoidea ‘meli’ honey, “phag” eat = honey eaters
families: name 5 groups

What are distinct features off honey eaters?

A
  1. Maluridae - fairy-wrens, emu-wrens

how many fairy-wren species do we have? 9
how many do we have in QLD? 7
How many do we have in year? 3

  1. Dayornithidae: bristlebird
    eastern bristle bird
  2. Acanthizidae: scrubwrens, thornbills, gerygones
  3. Pardalotidae: pardalotes
    spotted pardalote
  4. meliphagidae - honey eaters
    australias largest bird family
    brushed tipped tongue - berries, pollen
    77 species

new holland honeyeater
blue-faced honeyeater
scarlet honeyeater
noisy miner

long curbed bill and tongue sticking out the end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Order Passeriformes
sub-order - Passeres ‘songbirds’ corvida
Super family: corvida
families: group of 7, try name some

A

Rhipiduridae: fantails
- grey fantail
- make shade and light patterns to catch food

Dicruridae: drongos
- spangled drongo

Monarchidae: monarch flycatchers
- aerial insectibles (catch insects while flying around) use tail to make shade and light patterns - help catch food and maneuver around.
- short beak

Paradisaeidae: birds-of-paradise

Pomatostomidae: babblers
- papuan babbler
ground feed omnivores - insects seeds, fruits, and small vertebrates, in family groups

Corcoracidae: white-winged
chough, apostlebird
- bill, long and curved

Corvidae: crows, ravens
- stubby bill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are key features about passerines

A

All have perching feet : 3 toes forward, one backward, no webbing

Evolved in Gondwana, radiated north

After speciating north, some returned to the south, e.g. crows

3 suborders: only 1* in Australia (suborder Passeres, oscines )
Also known a s ‘songbirds ’

3 s uper fa milies:
- Menuroidea: Lyrebirds & scrub birds
- Meliphagoidea: Honeyeaters , pardalotes , scrubwrens, fairy wrens
- Corvoidea: aerial insectivores (fantails , monarchs , drongo)
 ground omnivores (babblers , choughs , ravens ) & riflebirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What birds are considered non-passerines?

A

Ratites , penguins , raptors , cuckoos , sea birds , parrots etc

large variety of life history, sizes and morphologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Order of psittaciformes
family: Psittaculidae
what do these include?

and what is special about australia and parrots?

A

parrots, lorikeets and rosellas

parrots - evolutionary history, richness across the world, number of species PNG, south america, and Eastern Australia

phylogenetics diversity - australia has large groups - 4 of the sub families

17
Q

What are some key characteristics of psittaculidae?

A

They have two toes at the front and two toes at the back helps them climb while holding food

18
Q

What is the only bird in australian mainland, that has gone exinct? and what part?

A

Paradise parrot

native to the grassy woodlands extending across the Queensland and New South Wales border area of eastern Australia.

19
Q

What are a list of endangered parrots?

A

night parrot
orange bellied parrot
golden-shouldered parrot

20
Q

What are key features of lorikeets and rosella?

A

in Psittaculidae family

beaks are tough enough to crack nuts break wood

eat nectar and seeds
brushes on the ends of their tongues to collect nectar

rainbow lorikeet
scaly-breasted lorikeet
crimson rosella
pale-headed rosella

21
Q

What birds are in the cacatuidae?

A

Cockatoos and corellas

palm cockatoo
gang-gang cocktaoo
galah
sulphur crested cockatoo
glossy black-cockatoo
black cockatoos
cockatiel
glossy black cockatoo

22
Q

What birds are in the order galliformes, family, megapodiidae?

A

Mega “big” pod “foot”
brushed turkey
orange-footed srubfowl
mallee fowl

22 species 3 in aus and 8 in sahul

23
Q

why are megapodiidae’s considered unusual birds?

A

do not use body heat to incubate egss
use solar, geothermal or microbial heat sources
derived incubation strategy

lay relatively large thick-shelled eggs - why would they be large? progrocial birds - born running and surviving - no parental care

24
Q

Out of the male and female bush turkey, which gender prepares the nest and what are key features that allow it to do so?

A

They have claws on their feet that allows them to scrap foliage and sticks into a mound.

they have to make sure the eggs stay a constant temperature - therefore, increamound temperature by adding fresh material to mound and open mound every couple of days for eggs laying during breeding season.
mounds generally large enough to have large thermal inertia, temperature regulated

24
Q

Out of the male and female bush turkey, which gender prepares the nest and what are key features that allow it to do so?

A

They have claws on their feet that allows them to scrap foliage and sticks into a mound.

they have to make sure the eggs stay a constant temperature - therefore, increamound temperature by adding fresh material to mound and open mound every couple of days for eggs laying during breeding season.
mounds generally large enough to have large thermal inertia, temperature regulated

Animal Vertebrae (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions