bipolar

Question 1

this involves extreme mood swings between mania and episodes of depression

Answer 1

bipolar disorder

Question 2

this means good mood, or the the state of being in a neutral mood

Answer 2

euthymia

Question 3

this is characterized by elevated, expansive and irritable mood

Answer 3

mania

Question 4

how many weeks should mania be present to be classified as bipolar disorder

Answer 4

at least 1 week

Question 5

what are the signs and symptoms of mania

Answer 5

hyperactivity
elevated mood
distractibility
irritability, increased interest in sex, insomnia
grandiosity
flight of ideas
anger, anorexia
speech is rapid and loud, suicidal
talkative

Question 6

this is mania but less severe

Answer 6

hypomania

Question 7

must be present for at least 4 days to be considered bipolar disorder

Answer 7

hypomania

Question 8

signs or symptoms of hypomania (at least 3)

Answer 8

grandiosity
decreased need for sleep
subjective sense that thoughts are racing
distractibility
increase in goal-directed activity
excessive involvement in fun but dangerous activities

Question 9

this type of bipolar disorder has patient experience mania and depression

Answer 9

bipolar type 1

Question 10

this type of bipolar disorder has patient experience hypomania and depression

Answer 10

bipolar type 2

Question 11

this type of bipolar disorder has the patient experience non extremes of mania and depression

Answer 11

cyclothymia

Question 12

how many times are first degree relatives of people with bipolar 1 more likely to develop bipolar 1 disorder than the general population

Answer 12

7 times

Question 13

how many percent of chance does an offspring of someone with bipolar disorder have of developing another major psychiatric disorder

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

how many percent is the concordance between bipolar 1 in identical twins

Answer 14

33-90%

Question 15

what is the catecholamine hypothesis

Answer 15

An increase in epinephrine and norepinephrine
causes mania and a decrease in epinephrine and
norepinephrine causes depression

Question 16

what is the psychodynamic etiology of bipolar disorder

Answer 16

Depression is the manifestation of losses. Therefore, the mania serves as a defense against the feelings of depression

Question 17

how does nature of wok cause bipolar disorder

Answer 17

Certain individuals have periods of high demands
followed by periods of few requirements

Question 18

what months are there significantly higher admission rates for patients with bipolar disorder

Answer 18

may, june, and july

Question 19

what is the first line treatment for bipolar disorder

Answer 19

lithium (eskalith)

Question 20

what class is lithium (eskalith)

Answer 20

antimanic agent

Question 21

what is the lag period for lithium (eskalith)

Answer 21

5 to 14 days

Question 22

why is lithium contraindicated for pregnant patients

Answer 22

it crosses blood brain barrier and placenta, and is distributed in sweat and breast milk

Question 23

what are the indications for lithium

Answer 23

bipolar disorder that is unresponsive to lithium
patients that cant tolerate side effects
patients with conditions contraindicated like pregnancy

Question 24

these anticonvulsants are known to increase levels of GABA

Answer 24

valproic acid and topiramate

Question 25

these anticonvulsants are known to inhibit the kindling process

Answer 25

valproic acid and carbamezapine

Question 26

what are anticonvulsants used as mood stabilizers

Answer 26

• carbamezapine (tergetol)
• divalproex (depakote)
• gabapentine (neurontin)
• lamotrigine (lamictal)
• topiramate (topamax)
• oxcarbazepine (trileptal)