Biotic And Abiotic Flashcards
Proteome
All of the proteins that make up an organism
Why is it easier to determine the proteome of prokaryotes than Eukaryotes?
Most prokaryotes reproduce asexually and are haploid, meaning that only a single copy of each gene is present. This makes it relatively easy to generate mutations in the lab and study the resulting phenotypes.
How do mutations affect phenotypes?
(5)
A mutation would lead to a change in the DNA base sequence which will be copied by RNA during transcribing complementary base pairs. This will in turn, be translated in the ribosome incorrectly by tRNA. Finally the produced protein will have different amino acids and therefore a different primary structure - when folding will form different bonds in different places.
Mutagenic agent
something that increases the risk of genetic mutation e.g exposure to radiation.
Silent substitution mutation
changes the series of bases but not the amino acid made.
Nonsense substitution mutation
the protein is shorter (stop codon put in), therefore it will not function normally.
Frame shift
a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.
Deletion mutation
when a base is deleted, causing a frameshift which leads to an entirely amino acid being coded for.
Addition mutation
where one or more random bases is added into the dna sequence, which can cause a frameshift in the dna sequence.
Duplication mutation
when a section of chromosomes is added from its homologous partner.
Inversion mutation
when the order of dna bases is reversed (catastrophic)
Translocation mutation
where a section of a chromosome is added to another chromosome that is not its homologous partner
