Biotechnology Flashcards
What is biotechnology?
Using living organisms as tools to fulfil human needs
What is biotechnology?
Using living organisms as tools to fulfil human needs
What is biotechnology?
Using living organisms as tools to fulfil human needs
How did humans use biotech in the past?
- Fermentation
How are humans using biotech in the present?
- Recombinant dna
- DNA profiling
- Gene cloning
- Whole organism cloning
- Artificial insemination
- Artificial pollination
- IVF
Are are humans going to use biotech in the future?
- CRISPR CAS 9
- Monoclonal antibodies
Are are humans going to use biotech in the future?
- CRISPR CAS 9
- Monoclonal antibodies
What is the living component of fermentation>
Yeast (fungi)
What is the purpose of fermentation?
Can make bread which is high in nutrients
What is the process of fermentation?
- Converts glucose from flour to carbon dioxide (used to make dough rise) and ethanol ( used for wine) by using yeast
Positive implications of fermentations?
- Cheap
- Accessible
- Tries to close the gap between socioeconomic groups
- Improves the quality of life
What is the negative implications?
Can cause obesity when over consumed
What is recombinant DNA Technology?
Genetically modified organisms
What are examples of recombinant DNA technology?
Golden rice and BT cotton
What is the purpose of BT cotton?
Caterpillars used to feed on cotton and infected the crop with fungus which affected the economic status of selling cotton. So gotten was genetically modified to naturally release insects that specifically kills the specific type of worm
Hat is the process of creating but cotton keep it very simple
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- Identify the gene from BT that produces a protein toxic
- Insert the gene into the cotton plants DNA
- The modified cells are grown in a controlled environment to develop into a plant
- Modified plants are breed creating more
What are the positive implications of BT cotton?
- ## protects cotton from fungus
Negative implications of BT cotton?
- unknown long term consequences
Purpose of golden rice?
Rice is the main staple in developing countries such as the Philippines so the rice was genetically modified to improve nutritional content e.g vitamin A
What is the process to create golden rice
- Identify the genes responsible for producing the vitamin A in other plants
- The gene is then inserted into the rice
- Motivated rice cells are gorwn into plants
- Then plants bread
What is dna profiling
Is technique used to identify individuals by analysing unique patterns in their dna sequences
Purpose of dna profiling?
- paternal testing
- crime scene investigating
What is the process of dna profiling?
- Collect samples e.g blood, saliva
- The collected samples undergo process to isolate the dna
- DNA fragments are separated by size using gel, creating a visual pattern of bands
What is dna sequencing
The process of deterring the precise order of bases in a dna molecule, which help to understand genetic info and variations
What is whole organism cloning?
. The process of producing animals that are genetically identical
What is the process of whole organism cloning?
- Remove the nucleus from an unfertilised egg cell
- Remove the nucleus from a mature body or somatic cell
- Transfer nucleus from mature cell into the egg cell using electric pulse
- Stimulate the egg to divide using an electric pulse
Culture he cells until they are a ball of cels that can be implanted in a surrogate mother . t
What is gene cloning?
Technique to create multiple identical copies of a specific gene or DNA segment.
What is the process of gene cloning?
- Isolate gene from dna by cutting it out
- Glue the gene into plasmid to make recombinant plasmid
- Recombinant plasmid is placed into the fermentation tanks
What is CRISPE CAS 9?
CRISPR is a gene therapy tech which can edit and correct genetic diseases.
What is the process of CRISPR CAS 9?
- Guide RNA matched the target DNA
- CAS 9 enzyme cuts the DNA strands
- DNA is fixed
