Biotechnology

Question 1

IT COMES FROM THE LATIN WORD MUTATIONEM, MUTO, MEANING “ I MOVE” OR “ I CHANGE”

Answer 1

Mutation

Question 2

IT REFERS TO ANY PERMANENT CHANGE IN THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OR IN THE GENETIC MATERIAL AS A RESULT OF A FAILURE OF THE SYSTEM, WHICH CAN BE COMPARED AS A TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR IN AN INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
IT CAN ALSO BE HEREDITARY AND THESE CHANGES CAN ALSO BE BENEFICIAL & HARMFUL.

Answer 2

Mutation

Question 3

are a type of mutation where one or a few nucleotides of a gene are affected.

Answer 3

Small-scale mutation

Question 4

___is when a nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide and is sometimes referred to as point mutation, i.e. when the gene mutation involves only one nucleotide

Answer 4

Substitution Mutation

Question 5

A ___ is substituted with a different purine (A → G)

Answer 5

Purine

Question 6

A ___ replaced by a different pyrimidine (C → T)

Answer 6

Pyrimidine

Question 7

What are the 5 types of point mutations?

Answer 7

Frameshift mutation, Nonsense mutation, Missense mutation, Neutral mutation, & Silent mutation

Question 8

is a type of gene mutation wherein the addition or deletion of (a number of) nucleotide(s) causes a shift in the reading frame of the codons in the mRNA.

Answer 8

Frameshift mutation

Question 9

a form of mutation producing a nonsense codon. A nonsense codon, as the name implies, does not code for amino acid and it leads to a protein product that is early truncated.

Answer 9

Nonsense mutation

Question 10

It results in a codon that specifies a different amino acid, and thus, causes the synthesis of a protein with an altered amino acid sequence during translation.

Answer 10

Missense mutation

Question 11

It has no selective advantage or disadvantage.

Answer 11

Neutral mutation

Question 12

Is when the codon codes for the same amino acid and therefore produces neither structural nor physiological change in the protein product.

Answer 12

Silent mutation

Question 13

is a chromosomal mutation, e.g. deletion, inversion, or amplification of a region of a chromosome.

Answer 13

Large-scale mutation

Question 14

It is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.
a. Genetic Engineering
b. Biotechnology
c. Chemical Engineering
d. Cross breeding

Answer 14

a. Genetic Engineering

Question 15

It is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their sizes.
a. Polymerases
b. Gel electrophoresis
c. DNA Ligase
d. Restriction enzymes

Answer 15

b. Gel electrophoresis