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General Biology 2 > Biotechnology > Flashcards

Biotechnology Flashcards

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1
Q

Biotechnology came from the word bios means _____ and logos means ______

A

Life
Study of tools from living organisms

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2
Q

The word biotechnology was first used in _____ to describe processes using living organisms to make a product or run it process, such as industrial fermentations.

A

1917

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3
Q

True or False: it be done when humans began to plant their own crops, domesticate animals, ferment juice into wine, make cheese, and leaven bread.

A

True

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4
Q

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use + develop microorganisms.

A

Biotechnology

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5
Q

The main objective of biotechnology is to ___________.

A

Solve problems in the society

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6
Q

What is the problem that a golden rice solves?

A

Vitamin A deficiency among children

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7
Q

What is the problem that the bt crops want to solve?

A

Reduces pests

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8
Q

Genetic manipulation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, plants and animals, often for the development of specific products

A

Recombinant DNA technology

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9
Q

Applications of recombinant DNA technology

A
  1. Gene for pest resistance inserted into plants
  2. Used to alter bacteria for cleaning up toxic wastes (bioremediation)
  3. Protein dissolves blood clots in heart attack therapy
  4. human growth hormone treats stunted growth
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10
Q

Plasmid + gene of interest =

A

Recombinant DNA

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11
Q

The raw materials for recombinant dna technology are the _____ and ______.

A

Gene of interest
Plasmid

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12
Q

Small, circular piece of Dna, that not only is separate from the chromosome, but can also replicate independently

A

Plasmid

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13
Q

Steps of recombinant DNA technology

A
  1. The gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid.
  2. The recombinant dna is inserted into the bacterial cell.
  3. Host cell grown in culture to form clone cells consisting of “cloned” gene of interest
  4. Basic research and various applications
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14
Q
  • “Cut” the gene of interest out of the genome
  • These enzymes find the “sticky ends”
  • “Staggered” is the way of chatting by the _____
A

Restriction enzymes

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15
Q
  • “Glue” or “paste”
  • Seals the fragments of the gene of interest and the plasmid
A

DNA ligase

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16
Q

The PITUITARY GLAND produces a crucial hormone called human growth hormone.
This peptide hormone (protein) provides for normal growth and development.
If the pituitary gland is defected then growth is stunted.
There is a shortage of HGH because hgh had to be extracted from the pituitary gland of deceased humans.
Hgh gene is cut out from the genome and inserted into a plasmid.
The plasmid is then taken up by a transformation by a bacterium.
The bacterium produces many times and when the bacterium undergoes transcription and translation or protein synthesis, it to make all the hgh that we need.

A

HGH DEFICIENCY

17
Q

The _____ produces a crucial hormone called human growth hormone.

A

Pituitary gland

18
Q

The pituitary gland produces a crucial hormone called _____.

A

human growth hormone

19
Q

If the pituitary gland is defected then growth is ____.

A

Stunted

20
Q

HGH
This peptide hormone (protein) provides for _____ and _____.

A

normal growth
development

21
Q

There is a shortage of HGH because hgh had to be extracted from the pituitary gland of _____.

A

deceased humans

22
Q

HGH
The plasmid is then taken up by a ____ by a bacterium.
The bacterium produces many times and when the bacterium undergoes ____ and ____ or protein synthesis, it to make all the hgh that we need.

A

transformation
transcription
translation

23
Q

The pancreas produces insulin.
This peptide hormone (protein) ensures that glucose is taken up by the cells for cellular respiration.
If the pancreas is defected, blood sugar get dangerously high causing many physiological effects such as diabetes mellitus.
Scientists were able to use equals to be a engineer synthetic insulin in 1977.
Transgenic organisms used to produce insulin:
Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Safflower (carthamus tinctorius)

A

Insulin

24
Q

The pancreas produces ____.
This peptide hormone (protein) ensures that _______.
If the pancreas is defected, blood sugar get ______ causing many physiological effects such as _____.
Scientists were able to use ____ to be a bioengineer synthetic insulin in _____.
Transgenic organisms used to produce insulin:
____
____

A

Insulin
A Glucose is taken up by the cells for cellular respiration
dangerously high
diabetes mellitus
E. Coli
Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Safflower (carthamus tinctorius)

25
Q

Genetically modified food that is fortified with beta-carotene which the human body converts into vitamin A
Result of mixing genes from a bacterium and from daffodils into the rice genome

A

Golden rice

26
Q

Genetically modified food that is fortified with ____ which the human body converts into ____
Result of mixing genes from a bacterium and from daffodils into the rice genome

A

beta-carotene
vitamin A

27
Q

HGH Deficiency
Problem: ____
Gene of interest: ___

A

Stunted growth
HGH

28
Q

Insulin
Problem: ____
Gene of interest: _____

A

Diabetes
Insulin

29
Q

Golden rice
Problem: ___
Gene of interest: ___

A

Vitamin A deficiency among children
Beta carotene

30
Q

The gene of interest depends on the ____ you need to address.

A

problems

31
Q

Exact genetic replica of another cell or organism

A

Clone

32
Q

What have we cloned so far?

A

DNA (Polymerase chain reaction)
Cells (Creating stem lines and tissue cultures)
Whole organisms

33
Q

Asexual reproduction that occurs naturally where the offspring is born with sexual reproduction

A

Parthenogenesis

General Biology 2 (2 decks)

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