Biotechnology Flashcards
Biotechnology came from the word bios means _____ and logos means ______
Life
Study of tools from living organisms
The word biotechnology was first used in _____ to describe processes using living organisms to make a product or run it process, such as industrial fermentations.
1917
True or False: it be done when humans began to plant their own crops, domesticate animals, ferment juice into wine, make cheese, and leaven bread.
True
Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use + develop microorganisms.
Biotechnology
The main objective of biotechnology is to ___________.
Solve problems in the society
What is the problem that a golden rice solves?
Vitamin A deficiency among children
What is the problem that the bt crops want to solve?
Reduces pests
Genetic manipulation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, plants and animals, often for the development of specific products
Recombinant DNA technology
Applications of recombinant DNA technology
- Gene for pest resistance inserted into plants
- Used to alter bacteria for cleaning up toxic wastes (bioremediation)
- Protein dissolves blood clots in heart attack therapy
- human growth hormone treats stunted growth
Plasmid + gene of interest =
Recombinant DNA
The raw materials for recombinant dna technology are the _____ and ______.
Gene of interest
Plasmid
Small, circular piece of Dna, that not only is separate from the chromosome, but can also replicate independently
Plasmid
Steps of recombinant DNA technology
- The gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid.
- The recombinant dna is inserted into the bacterial cell.
- Host cell grown in culture to form clone cells consisting of “cloned” gene of interest
- Basic research and various applications
- “Cut” the gene of interest out of the genome
- These enzymes find the “sticky ends”
- “Staggered” is the way of chatting by the _____
Restriction enzymes
- “Glue” or “paste”
- Seals the fragments of the gene of interest and the plasmid
DNA ligase
The PITUITARY GLAND produces a crucial hormone called human growth hormone.
This peptide hormone (protein) provides for normal growth and development.
If the pituitary gland is defected then growth is stunted.
There is a shortage of HGH because hgh had to be extracted from the pituitary gland of deceased humans.
Hgh gene is cut out from the genome and inserted into a plasmid.
The plasmid is then taken up by a transformation by a bacterium.
The bacterium produces many times and when the bacterium undergoes transcription and translation or protein synthesis, it to make all the hgh that we need.
HGH DEFICIENCY
The _____ produces a crucial hormone called human growth hormone.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces a crucial hormone called _____.
human growth hormone
If the pituitary gland is defected then growth is ____.
Stunted
HGH
This peptide hormone (protein) provides for _____ and _____.
normal growth
development
There is a shortage of HGH because hgh had to be extracted from the pituitary gland of _____.
deceased humans
HGH
The plasmid is then taken up by a ____ by a bacterium.
The bacterium produces many times and when the bacterium undergoes ____ and ____ or protein synthesis, it to make all the hgh that we need.
transformation
transcription
translation
The pancreas produces insulin.
This peptide hormone (protein) ensures that glucose is taken up by the cells for cellular respiration.
If the pancreas is defected, blood sugar get dangerously high causing many physiological effects such as diabetes mellitus.
Scientists were able to use equals to be a engineer synthetic insulin in 1977.
Transgenic organisms used to produce insulin:
Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Safflower (carthamus tinctorius)
Insulin
The pancreas produces ____.
This peptide hormone (protein) ensures that _______.
If the pancreas is defected, blood sugar get ______ causing many physiological effects such as _____.
Scientists were able to use ____ to be a bioengineer synthetic insulin in _____.
Transgenic organisms used to produce insulin:
____
____
Insulin
A Glucose is taken up by the cells for cellular respiration
dangerously high
diabetes mellitus
E. Coli
Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Safflower (carthamus tinctorius)
