Biostats/Epi Week 4 Flashcards
Mortality rate
total # deaths / total population @ midyear x 1000
Case-fatality rate
deaths during specific time period after injury / all individuals with same injury x 100
Years of potential life lost (YPLL)
years you should live minus your ageat death/ all deceased years lost added together of persons with same cause of death
Proportionate mortality rate
deaths from specific disease in a time frame / total deaths in same time frame x 100
Children in an elementary school became sick with diarrhea on Wednesday. The epidemiologist knew there were 2500 children in school and 125 children ill on Wednesday but found out that 350 children had been ill with diarrhea in the last month. They discovered the culprit was the deviled eggs eaten by 700 students at a picnic. What was the attack rate for the diarrhea?
18% (Number of people who develop the disease/total number at risk)
“Have you ever had an STI?” represents which type of information
Cumulative incidence
Whatare the2 most common types of morbidity rates commonly used in epidemiology?
Incidence & prevalence rates. Gordis, Chapter 4 explains that in order to understand morbidity lies in the “true incidence” that results from “increases in prevalence” (pg. 69). There are many reasons for an increase in morbidity requiring an understanding of incidence and prevalence,and the book gives a great example of thyroid cancer.
The fraction # women in the US who died from heart disease in 1991 /(divided by)# women in the US who died from cancer in 1991is a/an
Ratio. Gordis, pp. 37-8. Ratestell us how fast thedisease is occurring and proportions tell us what fraction of the population is affected.The only correct answer is ratio.
In a recent train derailment, residents were exposed to a chemical hazard. Many residents became ill; some died. To calculate the probability or risk of illness, which denominator would you use?
The size of the population at risk at the beginning of the period.
Passive surveillance is noted for
Missing local outbreaks. Chapter 3, p. 54-5. Primary care providers are considered passive surveillance. They are not employed to report disease, and fewreport diseases unless mandated to do so. Many will treat without confirmation of disease. As a consequence many diseases may rise from endemic to an epidemic level in their geographical area… and then, the active surveillance will begin.
A number of persons reported to a hospital ED for gastrointestinal symptoms. The localepidemiologist visited the emergency department to collect specimens and speak to the victims.Anotherepidemiologist followed up in the community to ask questions about what was eaten, where and when and if there were others who may have eaten the contaminated food. This is an example of
Active surveillance
Age-adjusted death rate
Hypothetical death rate assuming 2 populations had the same age distribution
