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Preventive Medicine > Biostatistics > Flashcards

Biostatistics Flashcards

1
Q

Statistical test: two qualitative variables

A

chi square test

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2
Q

Statistical test: two quanitative variables

A

linear regression analysis

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3
Q

Statistical test: Qualitative –> Quantitative > 30 population

A

Z test

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4
Q

Statistical test: Qualitative –> Quantitative < 30 population

A

T-test

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5
Q

Statistical test: Qualitative –> Quantitative > 3 groups

A

ANOVA

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6
Q

Statistical test: Quantitative –> Qualitative

A

Regression analysis

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7
Q

Statistical tet: reliability

A

Kappa statistic test

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8
Q

Percentage: 1 standard deviation

A

68%

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9
Q

Percentage: 2 standard deviations

A

95%

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10
Q

Percentage: 3 standard deviations

A

99.5%

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11
Q

Skewed to the left:

Mean is ___ than median

A

smaller

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12
Q

Skewed to the right:

Mean is ___ than median

A

larger

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13
Q

Scale: value of zero is arbitrary

A

Interval scale

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14
Q

Scale: highest form, (+) clear zero point

A

Ratio scale

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15
Q

Scale: lowest form, no intrinsic order

A

Nominal scale

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16
Q

Scale: intrinsically ordered, but not quantitatively

A

Ordinal scale

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17
Q

Proportion of true negative to those who tested negative

A

Negative predictive value

18
Q

Proportion of true positive to those who tested positive

A

Positive predictive value

19
Q

Proportion of true negative to those without disease

A

Specificity

20
Q

Proportion of true positive to those with disease

A

Sensitivity

21
Q

Screening test

A

Sensitivity

22
Q

Confirmatory test

A

Specificty

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Sampling frame is necessary in simple random sampling

A

True

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Sampling frame is necessary in stratified random sampling

A

False

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Sampling frame is necessary in cluster sampling

A

False

26
Q

Denominator in incidence rate

A

Person-years of observation

27
Q

Causes distortion of results because the factor is distributed unevenly in exposed and unexposed individuals

The association between two variables is distorted by the fact that both are associated with a third

Difference in crude and adjustment risks

A

Confounding

28
Q

Magnitude of the effect of a particular exposure on the outcome will vary according to the presence of a third factor

A

Effect modification

29
Q

Control for confounding: case-control studies

A

Matching

30
Q

Control for confounding: clinical trials

A

Randomization

31
Q

Control for confounding: large cohort studies

A

Analysis

32
Q

As prevalence decreases, the positive predictive value

A

Decreases

33
Q

As prevalence decreases, the negative predictive value

A

Increases

34
Q

Bias: when the screening test advances the time of diagnosis, but no true prolongation of life occurs because survival for persons who are screened and those who are not is the same from the time the cancer occurs

A

Lead bias

35
Q

Bias: screening test less likely will detect a rapidly progressive disease if symptoms rapidly develop because the window period between the time the cancer can be detected when it is asymptomatic by a screening test and the time it will become clinically significant is short

A

Length bias

36
Q

MIsclassification of exposure is not random

Result in overestimate of an association

A

Differential misclassification

37
Q

When memory of exposure is unrelated to the fact that a person has a disease or not

Consequence of an imprecise measurement of eitther exposure or outcome

Causes the results to move towards the null (no association)

A

Nondifferential misclassification

38
Q

Ratio of the observed number to the expected number of deaths or cases of the disease

A

Standardized mortality or morbidity ratio

39
Q

Persons followed for variable lengths of time are counted according to the length of time they were followed

A

Survival anaylsis

40
Q
A

Preventive Medicine (13 decks)

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