Biosphere and Taxonomy

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells characteristics

Answer 1

smaller than eukaryotic cells. less complex, no membrane bound organelles, no defined nucleus

Question 2

eukaryotic cells characteristics

Answer 2

bigger than prokaryotic cells. More complex, it has a membrane bound organelles

Question 3

Emergent properties

Answer 3

a thing in which a whole system has, but not in its individual parts

Question 4

Schleiden and Schwann’s cell theory

Answer 4

All organisms are made up of cells
All cells come from only pre-existing cells
Cells is the basic structural and functional unit of an organism

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

Animal and Plant cell
boundary which separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings
regulates entry and exit of cell, and the traffic in the cell

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Animal and Plant cell
house of genetic information
facilitates the replicating process

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Animal and Plant cell
Powerhouse of cell
site of cellular respiration, which processes the generation of ATP

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

Plant cell

Converts light-energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Animal and Plant cell
make protein
free in cyto-plasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

Animal and Plant cell
Rough: making secretory proteins
Smooth: synthesis of lipid,metabolism of carbohydrates, and can detoxify drugs and poisons

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Animal and Plant cell
Destruction of ingested organisms
Breakdown of old organelles
activate release of stored material
autolysis

Question 12

Vacuoles

Answer 12

Plant cell

storing, importing, and exporting materials

Question 13

Endomembrane system

Answer 13

Animal and Plant cell
Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
Components:Er, Golgi complex, Lysosomes, various vacuoles, cell membrane

Question 14

Plant cell wall

Answer 14

made up of cellulose

Question 15

Bacteria cell wall

Answer 15

made up of peptidoglycan

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 16

Receives, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids throughout the cell

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

gives mechanical support to the cell and maintains its shape