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Bioscience > Bioscience Exam Revision > Flashcards

Bioscience Exam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

a mixture that acts as a single substance (not obvious 2 or more substances are present)

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2
Q

Sublimation

A

The process of turning a solid into a gas

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3
Q

Condensation

A

The process of turning a gas into a liquid

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4
Q

Deposition

A

The process of changing a gas into a solid

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5
Q

Modern Atomic Theory

A

All elements are composed of atoms

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6
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that still maintains the identity of the element

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7
Q

The Atomic Number

A

The number of protons.

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8
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

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10
Q

Atomic mass

A

A weighted average of masses of all a particular elements naturally occurring isotopes

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11
Q

Ca electron configuration

A

1s12s22p63s23p64s2

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12
Q

What group are the alkali metals found?

A

Group 1

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13
Q

What group are the alkali earth metals found?

A

Group 2

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14
Q

Where are the transition metals on the periodic table?

A

Group 3-12, period 4,5,6,7

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15
Q

In what group are the halogens found?

A

group 17

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16
Q

Which group are the nobel gasses found?

A

group 18

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17
Q

Where are the lathanide metals found?

A

period 8

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18
Q

Where are the acinide metals found?

A

period 9

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19
Q

Dipole-dipole interactions

A

an attraction between polar molecules

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20
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction caused by a hydrogen atom being bonded to a very electronegative element.

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21
Q

Dispersion force (London force)

A

caused by the instantaneous imbalance of electrons about a molecule.

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22
Q

Crystals

A

regular 3D array of altering positive and negative ions

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23
Q

Amorphous

A

a solid with no regular structure.

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24
Q

Units of pressure

A

Newton per square meter (N/m2)

Pascal (Pa)

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25
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P ∝ 1/V

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26
Q

Charles Law

A

V ∝ T

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27
Q

What biological process can Boyle’s Law describe?

A

The process of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)

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28
Q

Combined Gas Law

A

PiVi/Ti = PfVf/Tf

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29
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV =nRT

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30
Q

Ideal gas law constant

A

0.08205 atm

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31
Q

1 atmosphere = how many kelvins?

A

273K

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32
Q

Miscible

A

Liquids that dissolve in each other

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33
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that do not dissolve in each other

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34
Q

Molarity

A

the number of moles of a solute per Liter of solution

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35
Q

Solvation

A

The process by which solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles

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36
Q

Hydration

A

Solvation by water molecules

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37
Q

Disassociation

A

the process of cations and anions of an ionic solution separating when the solute dissolves.

38
Q

Electrolytes

A

Soluble ionic compounds

39
Q

Non-electrolytes

A

Do not conduct electricity. Do not ionize at all when dissolved.

40
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water DOWN its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane.

41
Q

Diffusion

A

The passive movement of molecules from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.

42
Q

Chemical bond

A

a strong attachment between two atoms, creating an arrangement which is more stable then when they are apart.

43
Q

The octet rule states…

A

That atoms are especially stable if they have 8 electrons in their outermost shell

44
Q

Covalent bond

A

A bond made by electron sharing. Formed between non-metals only. Use die, tri, tetra in naming. (forms a covalent compound)

45
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom

46
Q

Cation

A

a positively charged ion

47
Q

Anion

A

a negatively charged ion

48
Q

Ionic bond

A

an attraction between oppositely charged ions (forms ionic compound). Formed between a metal and a non-metal. Is without prefixes “die”, “tri”, “tetra”.

49
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

An ion with two or more atoms that together are charged.

50
Q

Monatomic cations (name)

A

Name of element followed by the word “ion”

51
Q

Monatomic anions (name)

A

Contain suffix “-ide ion”

52
Q

Hydrates

A

ionic compounds which have water incorporated within their formula

53
Q

Molecular mass/molecular wieght

A

The mass of a molecule

54
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest part of a compound that maintains the chemical identity of the compound

55
Q

Lone pair

A

(non bonding pair) an electron pair that does not participate in covalent bonds.

56
Q

single bond

A

a covalent bond formed by a single pair of electrons

57
Q

double bond

A

a covalent bond formed by two pairs of electrons shared by two atoms.

58
Q

triple bond

A

a covalent bond formed by three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.

59
Q

electronegative

A

a relative measure of how strongly an atom attaches electrons when it forms a covalent bond

60
Q

Chemical reaction

A

chemical change

61
Q

Activation energy

A

the minimum energy that is input to a chemical system in order for a chemical reaction to occur.

62
Q

Combustion reaction

A

when a substance combines with oxygen to make oxygen containing compounds

63
Q

Oxidation

A

Gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen, loss of electrons

64
Q

Reduction

A

Loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen, gain of electrons

65
Q

Redox reactions

A

a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another

66
Q

Respiration

A

A biochemical process by which the oxygen we inhale oxidizes food stuffs to carbon dioxide and water.

67
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

68
Q

The mole

A

a chemical mass unit which describes the gram formula mass of a substance.

69
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

6.02x10^23

70
Q

Chemical equilibrium

A

A chemical reaction is at equilibrium when there is no tendency for the quantities of reactants and products to change.

71
Q

Arrhenius acid

A

a compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution

72
Q

Arrhenius base

A

a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ion in aqueous solution

73
Q

Neutralization

A

acid + base = water + salt

74
Q

pH scale

A

the scale for measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

75
Q

Neutral pH

A

7

76
Q

Bronsted Lowrey acid

A

a proton donor

77
Q

Bronsted Lowrey base

A

a proton acceptor

78
Q

Acid pH

A

Lower than 7

79
Q

Base pH

A

Higher than 7

80
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

the simpest organic compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon

81
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula and properties

82
Q

Catalyst

A

a substance that initiated/increases the rate of a chemical reaction, while itself not undergoing any permanent chemical change.

83
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical processes which occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

84
Q

Anabolism

A

building larger substances from small ones

85
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking down larger substances into small ones

86
Q

Enzymes

A

Protiens. Speed up reactions. Bring together reactants.

87
Q

Lipid

A

fat

88
Q

Carbohydrate

A

sugar

89
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Has lipid coating which wraps around every cell in the body. Contains sugars that stick out form it’s surface and proteins that thread through it.

90
Q

achiral

A

has no enantimers

Bioscience (3 decks)

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