BIOS 222 Exam 1 Flashcards
Mad cow disease is caused by an agent called
Prion
the infectious disease is a normal product in mammals but becomes abnormal when it is
misfolded
What is a peptide bond
A peptide bond is a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein. An amino acid is composed of an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), a central carbon and a side R group, which varies amongst each amino acid.
ex. Glycine-alanine (Gly-Ala) is an example of a peptide bond. The peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl glycine group and alanine’s amino group, releasing a water molecule. Isoleucine-aspartic acid (Ile-Asp) can be considered an example of a peptide bond.
Another kind of bond in protein is formed btwn 2 cysteine R groups. Theses are called
disulfide bonds
Scientific facts are
Change according to the presence of new information
reflect our best current understanding of a specific phenomenon
be dependent on who the observer is (potentially biased)
H and S atoms join together to form Hydrogen Sulfide. Based on the numbers of e- present in each shell, we would expect the chemical formula to be.
H2S
The form of column chromatography where a bed of beads in a glass cyndexi use tli.
affinity chromatography
The R group in the 2 amino acids shown below can be described as
polar
The antibody IgG is composed of 2 different protein subunits called heavy and light chains. A # of connections hold the 2 heavy chains together and the 2 light chains to the heavy chains to produce the native y-shaped molecule. These bonds are examples of protein’s
quaternary structure
Which of the following can western blotting tell you?
Whether one specific protein is present in a complex mixture of proteins
proteins can be denatured by treatment with
heat
sodium dodecyl sulfate
urea
SDS gel electrophoresis separates proteins in a complex mixtures according to
the length of the polypeptide chains
When a rabbit is injected with purified protein over a period of months, it produces an antibody response to the purified protein.
It includes different antibody species that react with different sites in the protein target.
Which of the following is attached to other things in a way that is comparable to the way macromolecules are joined together in cells?
a sticky note
The measurement of randomness or disorder in a system is called
entropy
Each carbon atom has the ability to bond with as many as ____ other atoms to form molecules
4
Reactions reach an energy minimum as they approach
equilibrium
A cell at =m would be a
dead cell
The connections w/n proteins based on the oxidation of pairs of cysteine amino acid sidechains are known as
disulfide chains
Primary and secondary antibodies refer to
their order of addition in experiments testing for the presence of bound antibody
The 1st amino acid in a protein retains its amino group after translation. The amino group in all the other amino acids in the chains is tied up.
in peptide bonds
Glucose is an example of a carb molecule. In addition to carbon and hydrogen it includes numerous hydroxyl groups (-OH) which makes the molecule
polar
