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MacEwan Psych 275 - Brain & Behaviour > Biopsychology Part One > Flashcards

Biopsychology Part One Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Biopsychology?

A

application of principles of biology to the study of: -physiological -genetic -developmental mechanisms of behaviour

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2
Q

Label the parts of the brain shown here and name their primary functions

A
  1. Frontal Lobe: Anterior (front) portion > Personality/ Posterior (back) portion > Motor control
  2. Central Fissure : Separates prefrontal and postfrontal Gyri
  3. Parietal lobe: Sensation
  4. Lateral Fissure: Separates the frontal lobe and temporal lobe
  5. Temporal Lobe: Hearing
  6. Occipital Lobe: Vision
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3
Q

What is the function of the:

  1. PRE-CENTRAL gyrus
  2. POST CENTRAL gyrus?
A
  1. pre central gyrus: motor cortex
  2. post central gyrus: Somatosensory cortex
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4
Q

Label each of the parts of the brain:

A
  1. Fore brain:
  2. Telencephalon
  3. Diencephalon
  4. Midbrain:
  5. Mesencephalon
  6. Hindbrain:
  7. Metencephalon
  8. Myencephalon
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5
Q

What structures are included in the Diencephalon (Forebrain) and what are their functions?

A
  • Pituitary gland:“Master gland” produces hormones that act on other parts of the endocrine system
  • Hypothalamus: regulates motivated behaviours (non-reflex) by controlling release of hormones from pituitary gland
  • Thalamus: Major relay station for info to cortex
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6
Q

Name the structures of the Forebrain - Diencephalon shown below:

A
  1. Thalamus (dispatch! relay station to cortex)
  2. Hypothalamus (control hormones)
  3. Pituitary gland (hormone production)
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7
Q

What are Nuclei?

A

A cluster of densely packed cell bodies of neurons in the Central Nervous System

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8
Q

What are two important Nuclei of the hypothalamus and their functions?

A
  1. Mammilary bodies: Memory
  2. Pituitary gland: Hormone production
  3. Optic Chiasma : Vision
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9
Q

What are Ganglia?

A

Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

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10
Q

What is a tract?

A

Bundles of axons in the CNS

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11
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS

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12
Q

What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?

What kind of nerves is it made up of?

A

carries info to the CNS from the senses and from the CNS to the skeltal muscles

Afferent - sensory nerves

Efferent - motor nerves

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13
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

What kind of nerves is it made up of?

A

Regulating internal environment, carries info from the CNS to organs, blood vessels and glands

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic nerves >both are efferent (motor nerves),

also has afferent nerves (sensory)

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14
Q

What are two characteristics of the Sympathetic nervous system?

A
  1. “fight or flight response”
  2. second stage neurons are far from the target organ
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15
Q

What are two characteristics of the Parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  1. “Rest and restore”
  2. Second stage neurons are near to the target organ
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16
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

Are they sensory or motor?

A

12 - both Autonomic (sympoathetic/parasympathetic) and Somatic (afferent/efferent)

sensory and motor components to most of them

17
Q

What are the three meninges encasing the CNS?

A
  1. Dura mater (tough)
  2. Arachnoid membrane (web-like)
  3. Pia mater (Adheres to CNS surface)
18
Q

name the meninges shown below:

A
  1. Sub arachnoid space
  2. Dura mater
  3. Arachnoid mater
  4. Pia Mater
19
Q

What are two main types of protection for the brain?

A

Chemical:

Blood-brain barrier > tightly packed cells of blood vessel walls prevent entry of molecules

Physical:

Skull, meninges, Cerbrospinal fluid

20
Q

Label the follwing neuron components and types:

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Cell body (soma)
  3. Axon
  4. Unipolar Neuron
  5. Bipolar neuron
  6. Multipolar neuron
  7. Multipolar neuron
21
Q

What are glial cells?

What type are found in the CNS?

What type are found in the PNS?

A

Glial cells surround neurons and provide support as well as insulation

CNS: Oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath), astrocytes (blood-brain barrier), microglial cells (injury response)

PNS: Schwann cells (myelin sheath)

22
Q

Which glial cells can regenerate?

A

PNS axons - Schwann cells can regenerate

23
Q

What are the spaes between myelin called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

24
Q

Which are the most abundant CNS Neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes

25
Q

What are the two staining types for neuroanatomy?

A

Golgi Stain: some neurons turn black and you can see the cell body and dendritic tree NOT the axon

Nissl Stain: Selectively stains cell bodies - good for seeing organization of cell bodies

26
Q

What technique provides details about the neuronal structure?

A

Electron Microscopy

27
Q

What is anterograde tracing?

What is Retrograde tracing?

A

Anterograde: Tracing where axons are projecting to > dye taken from cell body down axon

Retrograde: Tracing where soma are located for axons projecting into an area> dye taken up axon to cell body

28
Q

Name the following sections of the brain:

A
  1. Saggital plane
  2. Horizontal plane
  3. Cross section
  4. Frontal Plane
29
Q

What types of neurons are located on the dorsal aspect fo the spinal cord?

On the Ventral aspect?

A

Dorsal: Afferent (sensory)

Ventral: Efferent (motor)

30
Q

Name the parts of the spinal cord shown below:

A
  1. Dorsal Horn (grey matter goes to back)
  2. Dorsal root ganglion
  3. Ventral Horn (white matter goes to front)
31
Q

What types of neurons are on the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord?

The ventral aspect?

A

Dorsal: Afferent (sensory) > soma is located OUTSIDE spinal cord

Ventral: Efferent (motor) > Soma is located INSIDE spinal cord

32
Q

What is the name and order of the spinal cord segments from top to bottom?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral/coccygeal
33
Q

What are two types of spinal reflexes?

A

Flexor: excitatory - pull away from pain-causing

Myotatic: Strecth reflex (ex. holding up a heavy tray)

34
Q
A

MacEwan Psych 275 - Brain & Behaviour (3 decks)

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