Biopsychology- neurons and synaptic transmission Flashcards
There are _______________ neutrons in the bervous system?
100 billion
____ of the neurons are located in the brain
80%
neurons comminucate both ______ and __________
Electrically and chemically
What are the 3 types of neuron
- Motor
- Sensory
- Relay
Sensory neurons carry messages from the ____ to the ____.
PNS
CNS
Relay neurons connect the __________ to the ______ and the ______ neurons
Sensory and motor and relay neurons
Motor neurons connec the CNS to the ________
EFFECTORS
Examples of effectors
Muscles and glands
_________ neurons have short axons and short dendrites
relay
______ neurons have long axons and short dendrites
Motor
______ neurons have short axons and long dendrites
Sensory
Where does synaptic transmission take place?
Within a neuron / across a synaptic cleft (gap)
The electrical impulse passed down an axon is known as?
Action potential
when the action potential reaches the end of the axon what needs to happen? (STEP 2)
It must cross over the synaptic gap - from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic
At the end of each neurons there are s_____ v_____ wih contain chemical messengers known as ________
Synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
Once the action potential has reached the vesicles and the neurotransmitter has been released - what happens next?
cross the gap and bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic cell
Neurotrasimmtets d_________ acrosss a synpas and are a_________ by the next neuron in the chain and are tured back into a e________ _____.
diffuse
absorbed
electrical impulse
Examples of neurotransmitter
GABBA
serotonin
Neurotransmitters can either have an E____________ ir I______________ effect on the neigbouing neuron
Exiting
inhibiting
Inhibition causes the next neuron to be ___________ and ____ liley to fire + eg
NEGATIVE
LESS
serotonin
Excitation causes the next neuron to be ______ and ____ likely to fire + eg
positively
more
adrenaline
What is summation?
Whether the postsynaptic neuron fires
Explain the process of summation?
When the excitatory and inhibitory influences are summed and if the total is inhibitory = less likely and excitatory = more likely
