Biopsychology bk1- Nervous And Endocrine Systems

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Controls all biological processes and movement in the body

Question 2

Central nervous system

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Receiving and interpreting signals from peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Consists of neurons connect cns to rest of the body

Autonomic and somaticnervous system

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Somatic fibres are reaponsible for voluntary movement in body
Recieves messages from sensory receptors

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

All impulses that are done involuntarily e.g. breathing, heart rate, digestion
Sympathetic ns activated in emergencies (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic ns go back to relaxed state (rest and digest)

Question 6

Nervous system flow chart

Answer 6

Nervous system
⬇️
Peripheral ns.                       Cns
⬇️autonomic⬇️somatic.     ⬇️spinal cord⬇️brain
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 7

Types of neurons

Answer 7

Sensory
Relay
Motor

Question 8

Sensory neuron

Answer 8

Carry nerve impulses to spinal cord and brain from sensory receptors
Found in eyes, ears, tongue and skin

Question 9

Relay neuron

Answer 9

Moat common type of neuron in cns
Allow sensory and motor neuron to communicate with each other
Within brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Motor neuron

Answer 10

Form synapses with muscles and control their contractions

Muscle relaxation is caused by inhibition of motor neuron

Question 11

Synaptic transmission

Answer 11

Electrical signal is sent through presynaptic neuron sending neurotransmitters from the vesicles to the receptor sites by chemical signals across the synaptic clef and stimulate back into electrical signals in the postsynaptic neuron at the receptor sites

Question 12

Excitation

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of postsynaptic neuron and increases likelihood that the neuron will fire and continue to send a signal

Question 13

Inhibition

Answer 13

Increases negative charge of postsynaptic neuron and decreases the likelihood that the neuron will fire and continue to send a signal

Question 14

Summation

Answer 14

Total sum of excite and inhibit neurons determines if an electrical signal will continue in the post synaptic neuron

Question 15

Endocrine system

Answer 15

Works alongside nervous system to control vital functions in the body
Has a series of glands which release chemicals called hormones which are secreted into the bloodstream and influences behaviour
Control centre is the hypothalamus

Question 16

Pituitary gland

Answer 16

Master gland
Influence release of hormones from other glands
ACTH stimulates adrenal glands

Question 17

Adrenal gland

Answer 17

Adrenal medulla
Produce adrenaline, responsible for maintaining blood volume and blood pressure, prepare body for fight or flight, helps body respond to stressful situation e.g. increasing heart rate

Adrenal cortex
Produce cortisol
Regulates or supports bodily functions such as cardiovascular and anti inflammatory functions, production is increased in response to stress, if cortisol is low poor immune system, low blood pressure

Question 18

Testes

Answer 18

Secretes testosterone

Question 19

Ovaries

Answer 19

Secretes oestrogen and progesterone

Question 20

Fight or flight

Answer 20

Situation percieved as stressful in the hypothalamus
ANS changes from normal resting state (parasympathetic) to the physiologically aroused state known as sympathetic
Adrenal medulla causing it to release the hormone adrenaline
Adrenaline causes physiological changes in the body
Increased alertness, pupils dilate, increase heart rate, raised blood pressure, reduced activity in digestive system
Stressor is removed the parasympathetic system is activated and body returns to resting state