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A-Level Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is our nervous system divided into

A

Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What does the central nervous system contain

A

Brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What does our brain control

A

Centre of all conscious awareness and it does 2 things, receives information from sensory receptors and sends messages to muscl glands in the body

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4
Q

What does the spinal cord do

A

The spinal cord is an extension of the brain. It transports messages to and from the brain to the peripheral nervous system. It is also responsible for reflexes.

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5
Q

What does the spinal cord consist of

A

Collection of nerve cells which are attached to the brain and run the length of the spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the spinal cord consist of

A

Collection of nerve cells which are attached to the brain and run the length of the spinal cord

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7
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do

A
  • it consists of all other nerves which are not part of the CNS
  • reaching out to other parts of the body all the way down to the tips of toes
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8
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system divided into

A
  • somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
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9
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Part of the PNS that is associated with the voluntary control of body movements. It includes both sensory receptors and motor pathways.
- The motor pathways run the opposite way taking information from the CNS out
- the sensory neurons carry sensory information to the CNS

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10
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control

A

Involuntary actions

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11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system have an important role in

A

Homeostasis - regulation of internal body conditions

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12
Q

2 sections of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. Sympathetic - gets us ready for emergencies and is involved in the fight or flight response
  2. Parasympathetic - restores natural order, relaxing us after an emergency and is called ‘rest and digest’
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13
Q

Examples of what ANS controls

A

Smooth muscles and glands
Internal organs: stomach, intestines …
Heart rate

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14
Q

What is the Fight or flight response

A

An early evolutionary adaptation that is useful in dealing with physical threats. It helps us with dealing with short term problems that can be solfved by fighting or running

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15
Q

How is the fight or flight activated

A

The amygdala sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus. This recognises the stress so it activates the synpathomedullary pathway

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16
Q

How is adrenaline released

A
  1. Amygdala sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus
  2. Hypothalamus sends signals to sympathetic ganglia
  3. The signal is then passed onto the adrenal medulla where adrenaline is released
17
Q

Difference between SAM and PAS in pathway

A

SAM= electrical impulses
PAS= hormones

18
Q

Role of adrenaline

A

Triggers sympathetic activity. This
- increases heart rate
- increases blood flow
- raising blood pressure
- digestion inhibited
- saliva inhibited
- prepares body for flight or flights
- pupil size increases

19
Q

Pituitary adrenal system (PAS) pathway

A

Hypothalamus releases CRF which then activates the pituitary gland and releases ACTH which then activates the adrenal cortex

This then releases corticosteroids

20
Q

Pituitary adrenal system (PAS) pathway

A

Hypothalamus releases CRF which then activates the pituitary gland and releases ACTH which then activates the adrenal cortex

This then releases corticosteroids

21
Q

What did Gray 1988 suggest

A

He stated that the first response to danger is to avoid confrontation altogether, demonstrated by FREEZE RESPONSE

22
Q

Difference between fight r flight response: genders

A
  • typically male response to danger
  • females tend to adopt a ‘tend and befriend’ response in stress situation
23
Q

Difference between fight or flight response for then vs now

A

Then = faced genuinely life threatening situations
Now = life rarely requires such intense biological response

A-Level Psychology (11 decks)

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