Biopsychology

Question 1

Outline the fight of flight response.(3 marks)

Answer 1

1-The hypothalamus prepares the body for an action response by involving adrenaline.
2-Triggers from parasympathetic to sympathetic activity and back again.
3-Direct effects of adrenaline e.g increases heartrate to raise blood pressure, increasing the blood flow to the brain.

Question 2

what is the hormones and function of the testes gland?

Answer 2

Hormone :Testosterone
Function :Responsible for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty such as facial hair, deeper voice.

Question 3

what is the hormone and function of the pancreas gland.

Answer 3

Hormone :Insulin
Function : Blood glucose levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the blood.

Question 4

What is the hormone and function of the adrenal gland.

Answer 4

Hormone : Adrenaline
Function :Responsible for the fight or flight
-Increasing heart-rate.
-Contraction of blood vessels.

Question 5

What is the hormone and function the ovaries gland .

Answer 5

Hormone : Oestrogen
Function: Controls the regulation of the female reproduction systems ,including pregnancy and menstrual cycle.

Question 6

What is the hormone and function the Pineal gland.

Answer 6

Hormone : Melanotic
Function : Responsible for sleep cycle when its dark=sleep and the morning means =awake

Question 7

What is the Hormone and function of the thyroid gland.

Answer 7

Hormone :thyroxine
Function: Regulation the metabolism by aiding heart and digestive functioning.

Question 8

Describe the ‘Fight or flight response’( 6 marks)

Answer 8

-Generated from ANS (automatic nervous system),Helps manage physically when under a threat
what happens:
1 Your heart rate increases so that more blood can pump around your body.
2 Your breathing rate increases that oxygen can be added to your blood.
3 Your pupils dilate so that more light can be exposed meaning you will be able to see better.
4 You sweat more so that you can regulate your body temperature.

Question 8

What is the hormone and function the pituitary gland.

Answer 8

Hormone : Oxytocin
Function: Responsible for uterus contraction during childbirth.

Question 9

What is the parietal lobe?

Answer 9

The parietal lobe develops around age 5
-It is located in the upper, rear part of the brain , underneath the skulls crown.
-Function=Spatial awareness - helping you understand your position.
-Movement-Helping you plan and carry out complex, precise movements.
-Sensory info-cognitive process e.g reading , maths , thinking

Question 10

What is the occipital lobe?

Answer 10

Location - back of the brain - smartest lobe.
Function - responsible for visual processing ,including colour , form , and motion.
-it also works with other parts of the brain to recognise writing ,form memories and recognise familiar places and faces

Question 11

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 11

The cns consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

What does the frontal lobe consist of ?

Answer 12

Location : the front of the brain
-largest lobe in the human brain.
Function: responsible for behaviour and emotion , movement ,language . social skills , thinking , decision making and problem solving.

Question 13

What is the brain?

Answer 13

The brain provides conscious awareness and is involved in all psychological processes.
-The brain consists of four main lobes, frontal lobe, Parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.

Question 14

What is the temporal lobe?

Answer 14

Location -Behind ears, second largest
- Function- hearing
-helps manage emotions like fear and anxiety.

Question 15

What is the nervous system?

Answer 15

The body’s internal communication system, made up of cells .It responds to environment stimuli and co -ordinates the works of the body’s various organs and cells.

Question 16

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 16

The ANS is responsible for transmitting information to and from internal bodily organs.

Question 17

What does the brainstem do?

Answer 17

The brainstem connects the brain and spinal cord and controls involuntary processes including our heartbeat ,breathing and consciousness.

Question 18

What is the role of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

-It transfers messages to and from the brain , and the rest of the body.
- Responsible for simple reflex actions that do not include the brain ,for example jumping out of your chair if you sit on a drawing pin.

Question 19

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 19

The sns is responsible for transmitting information from sense organs to the central nervous system and transmitting information from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles.

Question 20

Explain the process of synaptic transmission ( 4 marks)

Answer 20

• Electrical impulses reach the presynaptic terminal.
  -Electrical impulses trigger releases of the neurotransmitters.
  -Neurotransmitters cross the synapse from vesicles.
  -Neurotransmitters combine with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
  -Stimulation of postsynaptic receptors by neurotransmitters result in either excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 20

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 20

• The pns is responsible for transmitting messages to and from the central nervous system.

Question 21

Describe one or more functions of the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 21

1 - Transmitting messages to and from the cns.
2. The sns is responsible for transmitting information from the sense organs to the cns and transmitting information from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles.

Question 22

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

The pns works alongside the endocrine system to return the body to its resting state in the rest and digest response.
-( what you react to) (stimulate things to react) ( produce more saliva )
i .e constrict pupils ( not focusing)

Question 23

Whats the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 23

The sns works alongside the endocrine system to bring about physiological arousal in flight or flight response.

Question 24

Outline one function pf the parasympathic nervous system( 4 marks)

Answer 24

• The pns calms the response and calms you down .
  For example it slows your heart rate down and constricts your pupils. Also it stimulates your stomach.

Question 25

Outline one difference between autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system?

Answer 25

The ans is involuntary(moving your hand)whereas the sns is under conscious control( you think about it i.e closing your eyes when you go to sleep.

Question 26

Describe what is meant by the sympathic nervous system ( 4 marks)

Answer 26

1-It accelerates your heartbeat
2 Arousal in fight or flight response.

Question 27

What is the sensory neuron?

Answer 27

1- It allows movement.
2 - Connects the cns to the muscles and glands.

Question 28

What is the relay Neuron?

Answer 28

1- Found in the brain and spinal cord.
2 - Allows sensory and motor and other relay neurons to connect.

Question 29

What is the motor neuron?

Answer 29

1- Carry’s messengers from the PNS and CNS
2 - carry’s signals to your brain to help you.
3 - Touch, taste, smell and see.

Question 30

What is Excitation?

Answer 30

• it refers to increase the post-synaptic neurons positive charge and the likelihood of the message being passed on .For example , adrenaline from exercise being happy before party.

Question 31

What is Inhibition?

Answer 31

It refers to increasing the post - synaptic neurons negative charge and decreasing the likelihood of the message being passed on . For example , serotonin is given to someone who has depression and serotonin boost the mood of the person.