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Psychology 101 > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

how the brain works, parts of the brain, and how it affects the way a person lives

1
Q

Glial Cells

A

scaffolding/structure

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Info Processors

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3
Q

What is the outer surface of a neuron?

A

Semipermeable Membrane

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4
Q

Where is the nucleus of a neuron located?

A

The soma

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5
Q

Soma

A

Cell Body

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6
Q

What are the extensions of the Soma?

A

Dendrites

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Input sites

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8
Q

Axon

A

Extension of the soma

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9
Q

Where does the Axon end?

A

terminal buttons

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10
Q

What do the terminal buttons have

A

Synaptic vesicles

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11
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers

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12
Q

What coats the axon and insulates it?

A

Myelin Sheath

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13
Q

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

A

The Nodes of Raniver

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14
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

small space between 2 neurons, communication site for neurons

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15
Q

what king of relatinoships do the proteins on the cell surface (receptors) have with neurotransmitters

A

lock and key

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16
Q

membrane potential

A

provides energy for signal

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17
Q

resting potential

A

a state of readiness; high concentrated areas–> low concentrated area, positive ions–>negatively charged areas

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18
Q

depolarization

A

process when a cells charge becomes less negative or becomes positive

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19
Q

Threshold of excitation

A

neuron becomes active, action potential begins

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20
Q

hyperpolarizes

A

becomes slightly more negative than resting potential and then turns off

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21
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal moves from cell body down the axon to the axon terminals; all or none. sodium inside, potassium outside

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22
Q

reputake

A

excess neurotransmitters being broken down into inactive fragments or reabsorbed; neurotransmitter gets pumped back into neuron which released it to clear synapse

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23
Q

what kind of charge does a cell have when resting?

A

negative

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24
Q

what are psychotropic medications?

A

drugs which treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

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25
Agonists
mimic a neurotransmitter at the reception site and strengthens effects
26
Antagonists
blocks or impedes normal activity of neurotransmitter
27
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
prevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron
28
What 2 parts is the nervous system made up of?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
29
What is the purpose/what area of the body does the CNS have
Brain and Spinal Chord
30
What subdivisions does the PNS have
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
31
Somatic Nervous System
conscious and voluntary, relay of sensory and motor info to and from CNS, motor and sensory neurons
32
Motor neurons
efferent fibers (moving away from)
33
sensory neurons
afferent fibers (moving toward)
34
Autonomic Nervous System
internal organs and glands, not voluntary
35
Sympathetic Nervous System
activated under high stress or high arousal; fight or flight
36
endocrine system
has glands that produce hormones
37
pituitary gland
"master gland"; its messenger hormones control all other glands in endocrine system. growth hormone, pain relief endorphins, hormones that regulate fluid levels
38
Thyroid gland
regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite
39
Adrenal Glands
hormones in stress response (adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline)
40
Pancreas
regulates blood sugar
41
Gonads
Sexual hormones, females= ovaries males=testis
42
How many segments does the spinal chord have?
30 segments connecting through the PNS
43
what is the surface of the brain called?
Cerebral Cortex
44
what are the folds and bumps in the cerebral cortex called?
gyri (gyrus)
45
what are grooves in the cerebral cortex called?
sulci (sulcus)
46
what is the most prominent sulcus that separates the brain into the two hemispheres?
the longitudinal fissure
47
lateralization
Regards language functions
48
left hemisphere of the brain
memory, selective attention, and positive emotions
49
Right hemisphere of the brain
pitch perception, arousal, and negative emotions
50
what are the two hemispheres of the brain connected by
the corpus callosum
51
cerebral cortex
consciousness, memory, thought, emotion, reasoning, and language
52
what are the four lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
53
frontal lobe
reasoning, motor control, emotion, language
54
motor cortex
planning and coordinating movement
55
prefrontal cortex
higher level cognitive functioning
56
Broca's Area
language production
57
Parietal lobe
processing info and the body's senses
58
somatosensory cortex
sensory info
59
temporal lobe
hearing, memory, emotion, some aspects of language
60
auditory cortex
audio processing
61
Wernicke's area
speech comprehension
62
occipial lobe
primary visual cortex
63
Thalamus
sensory relay, all senses besides smell
64
limbic system
emotion, smell, and memory
65
hippocampus
memory and learning
66
amygdala
emotion and tying emotional meaning to memory
67
hypothalamus
regulates homeostatic processes like body temp, appetite, blood pressure
68
reticular formation in midbrain in midbrain
sleep/wake cycles, arousal, alertness, motor activity
69
Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)
contain cell bodies that produce neurotransmitter dopamine; critical to movement
70
medulla
automatic processes of autonomic nervous system (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate)
70
71
pons
connects hindbrain to rest of brain, regulates brain activity in sleep
72
cerebellum
muscles, tendons, joints, structures in ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, processing memories
73
Quantitative Genetics
scientific and mathematical methods for inferring genetic and environmental processes based on the degree of genetic and environmental similarity among organisms

Psychology 101 (4 decks)

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