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Psychology 101 > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

how the brain works, parts of the brain, and how it affects the way a person lives

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1
Q

Glial Cells

A

scaffolding/structure

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Info Processors

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3
Q

What is the outer surface of a neuron?

A

Semipermeable Membrane

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4
Q

Where is the nucleus of a neuron located?

A

The soma

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5
Q

Soma

A

Cell Body

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6
Q

What are the extensions of the Soma?

A

Dendrites

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Input sites

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8
Q

Axon

A

Extension of the soma

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9
Q

Where does the Axon end?

A

terminal buttons

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10
Q

What do the terminal buttons have

A

Synaptic vesicles

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11
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers

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12
Q

What coats the axon and insulates it?

A

Myelin Sheath

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13
Q

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

A

The Nodes of Raniver

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14
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

small space between 2 neurons, communication site for neurons

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15
Q

what king of relatinoships do the proteins on the cell surface (receptors) have with neurotransmitters

A

lock and key

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16
Q

membrane potential

A

provides energy for signal

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17
Q

resting potential

A

a state of readiness; high concentrated areas–> low concentrated area, positive ions–>negatively charged areas

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18
Q

depolarization

A

process when a cells charge becomes less negative or becomes positive

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19
Q

Threshold of excitation

A

neuron becomes active, action potential begins

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20
Q

hyperpolarizes

A

becomes slightly more negative than resting potential and then turns off

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21
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal moves from cell body down the axon to the axon terminals; all or none. sodium inside, potassium outside

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22
Q

reputake

A

excess neurotransmitters being broken down into inactive fragments or reabsorbed; neurotransmitter gets pumped back into neuron which released it to clear synapse

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23
Q

what kind of charge does a cell have when resting?

A

negative

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24
Q

what are psychotropic medications?

A

drugs which treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

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25
Q

Agonists

A

mimic a neurotransmitter at the reception site and strengthens effects

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26
Q

Antagonists

A

blocks or impedes normal activity of neurotransmitter

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27
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

prevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron

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28
Q

What 2 parts is the nervous system made up of?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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29
Q

What is the purpose/what area of the body does the CNS have

A

Brain and Spinal Chord

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30
Q

What subdivisions does the PNS have

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

31
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

conscious and voluntary, relay of sensory and motor info to and from CNS, motor and sensory neurons

32
Q

Motor neurons

A

efferent fibers (moving away from)

33
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent fibers (moving toward)

34
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

internal organs and glands, not voluntary

35
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

activated under high stress or high arousal; fight or flight

36
Q

endocrine system

A

has glands that produce hormones

37
Q

pituitary gland

A

“master gland”; its messenger hormones control all other glands in endocrine system. growth hormone, pain relief endorphins, hormones that regulate fluid levels

38
Q

Thyroid gland

A

regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

39
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

hormones in stress response (adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline)

40
Q

Pancreas

A

regulates blood sugar

41
Q

Gonads

A

Sexual hormones, females= ovaries
males=testis

42
Q

How many segments does the spinal chord have?

A

30 segments connecting through the PNS

43
Q

what is the surface of the brain called?

A

Cerebral Cortex

44
Q

what are the folds and bumps in the cerebral cortex called?

A

gyri (gyrus)

45
Q

what are grooves in the cerebral cortex called?

A

sulci (sulcus)

46
Q

what is the most prominent sulcus that separates the brain into the two hemispheres?

A

the longitudinal fissure

47
Q

lateralization

A

Regards language functions

48
Q

left hemisphere of the brain

A

memory, selective attention, and positive emotions

49
Q

Right hemisphere of the brain

A

pitch perception, arousal, and negative emotions

50
Q

what are the two hemispheres of the brain connected by

A

the corpus callosum

51
Q

cerebral cortex

A

consciousness, memory, thought, emotion, reasoning, and language

52
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

53
Q

frontal lobe

A

reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

54
Q

motor cortex

A

planning and coordinating movement

55
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

higher level cognitive functioning

56
Q

Broca’s Area

A

language production

57
Q

Parietal lobe

A

processing info and the body’s senses

58
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

sensory info

59
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, memory, emotion, some aspects of language

60
Q

auditory cortex

A

audio processing

61
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

speech comprehension

62
Q

occipial lobe

A

primary visual cortex

63
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory relay, all senses besides smell

64
Q

limbic system

A

emotion, smell, and memory

65
Q

hippocampus

A

memory and learning

66
Q

amygdala

A

emotion and tying emotional meaning to memory

67
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates homeostatic processes like body temp, appetite, blood pressure

68
Q

reticular formation in midbrain in midbrain

A

sleep/wake cycles, arousal, alertness, motor activity

69
Q

Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

A

contain cell bodies that produce neurotransmitter dopamine; critical to movement

70
Q

medulla

A

automatic processes of autonomic nervous system (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate)

70
Q
A
71
Q

pons

A

connects hindbrain to rest of brain, regulates brain activity in sleep

72
Q

cerebellum

A

muscles, tendons, joints, structures in ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, processing memories

73
Q

Quantitative Genetics

A

scientific and mathematical methods for inferring genetic and environmental processes based on the degree of genetic and environmental similarity among organisms

Psychology 101 (4 decks)

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