Biopsychology Flashcards
What is the nervous system split up into?
- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
What is the human nervous system?
A body wide system of nerve cells that collects and processes information and then directs organs and muscles via electro chemical messages
What is the function of the CNS and what 2 parts of the body do they contain?
- complex processing
- the brain (all conscious and most unconscious processing)
- the spinal cord (receives and transmits information, also is responsible for some simple reflexes)
What is the peripheral nervous system?
A body wide network of messenger neurons. Sensory neurons deliver information to the CNS and motor neurons transmit information away from the CNS
What is the PNS split into and what are they?
- somatic nervous system (controls skeletal muscles and is a voluntary system)
- autonomic nervous system (controls actions of internal organs and glands and is an involuntary system)
What does the sympathetic branch (ANS) do?
Increases bodily activities and releases noradrenaline in a stress response (fight or flight)
-heart rate increase
-sweat increase
-breathing rate increase
-dilates pupils
-inhibits digestion
What does the parasympathetic branch do?
Decreases bodily activities and releases acetylcholine. Activates in rest (rest and digest)
-heart rate decrease
-sweat decrease
-breathing rate decrease
-constricts pupils
-stimulates digestion
What is the motor cortex responsible for?
Responsible for voluntary motor movements
Where is the motor cortex found?
Found in BOTH frontal lobes of the brain
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
Transmits information from receptor cells to the CNS
Also receives information from the CNS that directs muscles on how to act
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
Responsible for unconscious bodily functions
What is the autonomic nervous system split into?
The parasympathetic nervous system / the sympathetic nervous system
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Co-ordinates organs when in situations when the individual needs to be aroused / when our muscles need oxygen
Signals to our hearts,lungs and liver when to work harder
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Co-ordinates to our organs when we can relax and conserve energy
Rest + digest
What happens to the eye, heart and saliva glands in the SNS
Pupil dilates
Heart rate increases
Inhibited saliva production
What happens to the eye, heart and saliva glands in the PSNS?
Constricts pupil
Heart rate decreases
Stimulated saliva production
What are the 6 parts of a neuron?
- Cell body / soma
- Nucleus
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Myelin sheeth
- Axon terminal
What is the function of the soma?
Control centre of the neuron and includes the nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material of the cell
What is the function of the dendrites in a neuron?
Dendrites recieve signals from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells. Typically connected to cell body
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
Long slender fibre that carries nerve impulses in the form of an electrical impulse, action potential.
What is the function of the myelin sheath in the neuron?
Insulates axon so impulses travel faster and preserves the signal
What is the function of the axon terminal in a neuron?
Connects the neuron to other neurons using a process called synaptic transmission
What is unique about a relay neuron?
A relay neuron has no myelin sheath
What is unique about a sensory neuron?
In a sensory neuron the cell body sticks out
What is the function of a sensory neuron?
Sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Impulses begin as sensory receptors and are translated into sensations at the brain which allows for reflex actions
What is the function of a motor neuron?
Carry impulses from the CNS to other areas of the body
Releases neurotransmitters which bind to muscle receptors and trigger muscles movement
Muscle relaxation is caused by the inhibition of the motor neuron
What is the function of a relay neuron?
Connect sensory and motor neurons allowing for communication
Located in brain and spinal cord