Biopsychology

Question 1

What are the 2 divisons of the nervous system

Answer 1

1) Central Nervous System
2) Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

What makes up the CNS

Answer 2

Spinal cord
Brain

Question 3

What makes up the PNS

Answer 3

Somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

Question 4

What does the somatic nervous system control

Answer 4

Voluntary bodily movements

Question 5

What are the subdivisons of the ANS

Answer 5

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

What does the ANS control

Answer 6

Involuntary bodily functions

Question 7

What does the sympathetic nervous system control

Answer 7

Prepares the body for fight or flight

Question 8

what is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Relaxes the body and brings it down to its normal resting state.

Question 9

What is the function of the brain

Answer 9

Covers all conscious awareness

Question 10

What is the function of the spinal cord

Answer 10

Passes messages to and from the brain, connects the nerves to the PNS

Question 11

Explain Sensory neurons

Answer 11

Found in receptors i.e., eyes toung and skin
Carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain to be translated into sensations
Some impulses stop and the spinal cord to allow for reflexes

Question 12

Explain Relay neurons

Answer 12

Found between sensory and motor neurons
Found in the brain and spinal cord
Allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate

Question 13

Explain motor neurons

Answer 13

Found in the CNS and effectors (Muscles)
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on muscles to trigger a response (movement)

Question 14

What is the structure of a neurone

Answer 14

1- Cell body that contains a nucleus
2- Dendrites that carry nerve impulses towards the cell body
3- Axon carries impulses away from the cell body down the neurone
4- Myelin sheath protects the axon and speeds up electrical transmission (insulation)
5- Nodes of Ranvier gaps that speed up the transmission of the impulse by forcing it to jump the gaps.

Question 15

What is action potential

Answer 15

Information is passed down the axon of the neuron as an electrical impulse.

Question 16

What are the 2 ways infomation can be transmitted acctoss neurons

Answer 16

Signals WITHIN neurons = electrical
Signals BETWEEN neurons= chemically

Question 17

Explain the process of Synaptic transmission ((4M))

Answer 17

1- When action potentials reach the presynaptic neuron it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, from the synaptic vesicles,
2- and then the neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic cleft and bind to the receptor sites on the post-synaptic neuron.
3- after they have been activated it produces an excitatory or inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic neuron.

Question 18

What is meant by an excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 18

NORADRENALINE
It makes the post-synaptic neuron more likely to fire

Question 19

What is meant by an inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 19

GABBA
It makes the post-synaptic neurone less likely to fire.

Question 20

What is summation?

Answer 20

If the net effect on the postsynaptic neuron is inhibitory its less likely to fire (becomes - charged) but if its excitatory its more likely to fire (becomes + charged)

Question 21

What is the endocrine system

Answer 21

A network of glands that secrete chemical messages called hormones through blood vessels

Question 22

HYPOTHALAMUS
hormone releases + its effect

Answer 22

NA
stimulates and controls the release of hormones from pituitary

Question 23

PITUITARY
hormone releases + its effect

Answer 23

ACTH
stimulates the adrenal cortex and releases cortisol
OXYTOCIN
responsible for uterus contractions during birth

Question 24

PINEAL GLAND
hormone releases + its effect

Answer 24

MELATONIN
Biological rhythms sleep-wake cycle

Question 25

THYROID GLAND
hormone releases + its effect

Answer 25

THYROXINE
regulates metabolism