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Psychology paper 2 > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nervous system ?

A

Consisting of CNS and PNS, communicating through electrical signals.

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2
Q

What is involved in the CNS ?

A

Brain and spinal cord.

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3
Q

What is involved in the PNS ?

A

Autonomic and somatic. Sends information from outside world to the PNS.

Autonomic - governs vital functions in the body like breathing, heart rate and digestion.

Somatic - governs muscle movement and receives info from sensory receptors.

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4
Q

What is the endocrine system ?

A

Instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream, communicating through chemicals.

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5
Q

What is a neuron ?

A

Makes up the nervous system. Nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals.

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5
Q

What is a sensory neuron ?

A

Carry messages form PNS to CNS. Long dendrites short axon.

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6
Q

What is a relay neuron ?

A

Connect motor neurons to other relay neurons. Short dendrites and short axons.

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7
Q

What is a motor neuron ?

A

Connect CNS to effectors like muscles and glands. Short dendrites long axons.

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8
Q

What is excitation ?

A

When neurotransmitter like adrenaline increases the positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron. Increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will pass on electrical impulse.

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9
Q

What is inhibition ?

A

When neurotransmitter like serotonin increases negative charge of postsynaptic neuron. Decreases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will pass on electrical impulse.

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10
Q

Explain the process of summation.

A

Excitatory and inhibitory influences are summed if net is inhibitory then postsynaptic neuron is less likely to fire. Once electrical impulse is created it travels down the neuron

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11
Q

What is localisation of function ?

A

Idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for different behaviours, processes and activities.

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12
Q

What is the motor area in the frontal lobe involved in regulating ?

A

Movement.

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13
Q

Where is the motor area located ?

A

In the frontal lobe.

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14
Q

What does the somatosensory area process ?

A

Sensory info like touch.

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15
Q

Where is the somatosensory area ?

A

Parietal lobe

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16
Q

What information does the visual area receive ?

A

Visual info.

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16
Q

Where is the visual area ?

A

Occipital lobe.

17
Q

Where is the auditory area located ?

A

Temporal lobe

18
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located ?

A

Frontal lobe in left hemisphere

19
Q

What is Broca’s area for ?

A

Speech production

20
Q

Where is the Wernicke’s area ?

A

Temporal lobe in left hemisphere.

21
Q

What is the Wernicke’s area for ?

A

Language comprehension.

22
Q

What are strengths of localisation of function ?

A

1) Damage to areas of brain associated with some mental disorders. eg. cingulotomy = isolating cingulate gyrus implicated in OCD. Darin Dougherty 44 people undergone surgery, 32 weeks later, 30% successful 14% partial response.

2) Brain scans, Peterson et al - Wernicke’s area active in listening task, Broca’s area during reading task. Objective methods.

23
Q

What is a limitation of localisation of function ?

A

1) Lang might not just be Broca’s area and Wernicke’s. eg, Dick and Tremblay - only 2% of modern researchers believe this. Cortex and subcortical regions can be seen as linked to lang in brain scans. (may be more holistic than found ).

24
Q

What is the left hemisphere associated with ?

A

Language functions like producing lang. (Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas)

25
Q

What is the right hemisphere associated with ?

A

Visuospatial functions such as visualisation, depth perception, and spatial navigation.

26
Q

What side of the body does the right hemisphere control ?

A

Left side

27
Q

Who was Tan ?

A

One of Broca’s patients, only word they could say was tan, damage to frontal lobe. (now Broca’s area). So had Broca’s aphasia.

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Psychology paper 2 (3 decks)

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