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Psych 101 2nd LE > Biopsych > Flashcards

Biopsych Flashcards

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1
Q

Why study the brain?

A

ENRICHES understanding of psychological phenomena at a neural level.
PROVIDES justification for some of our quirks

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2
Q

Receives, Sends messages within a system

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Parts of a Neuron (and their functions)

A

Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Myelin Sheathe, Axon Terminals, Synaptic Vesicles, Nodes of Ranvier

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4
Q

What are Glial Cells?

A 
Similar to STEM CELLS, they are what neurons develop on.
They hold the neurons in place
They get nutrients to the neurons
They clean up remains of dead neurons
They provide insulation for neurons
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5
Q

Lack of Glial Cells

A

Major Depressive Disorder

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6
Q

Excess of Glial Cells

A

Schizophrenia

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7
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Contain Neurotransmitters in the form of chemicals suspended in fluid

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8
Q

Function of Neurotransmitters?

A

Transmit messages from one neuron to another

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9
Q

Ion Channels?

A

They are the receptor sites which allow only specific molecules of certain shapes to fit into

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10
Q

Describe the way these Synaptic vesicles release the neurotransmitters?

A

The electrical charge goes through the axon, reaching the terminals with the synaptic vesicles. These vesicles get excited and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.

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11
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A

Excitatory (Turns on a cell)

Inhibitory (Turns off a cell)

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12
Q

Types of Neurons

A

Afferent (Sensory)
Efferent (Motor)
Interneuron (Neuron-Neuron)

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13
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A 
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Gaba-aminobutyric acid
Gulatmate
Endorphins
Adenosine
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14
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory - Arousal, Attention, Memory, Muscle contractions

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15
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Excitatory - Arousal and Mood

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory - Control of movement, anticipation, sensations of pleasure

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17
Q

Serotonin

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory - Sleep, Mood, Anxiety and Apetite

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18
Q

Gaba-aminobutyric acid

A

MAJOR inhibitory - Sleep and inhibits movement

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19
Q

Glutamate

A

MAJOR excitatory - learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and cause of synaptic plasticity

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20
Q

Endorphins

A

Inhibitory - Pain relief and pleasure

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21
Q

Adenosine

A

Inhibitory - Sleepiness

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22
Q

Parts of the Nervous System

A

Central - Brain and Spinal
Peripheral - Autonomic and Somatic
Autonomic - Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
Somatic - Sensory and Motor

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23
Q

Core of Central Nervous System

A

Brain

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24
Q

Parts of the Spinal Cord

and its function

A

Lighter Outer ( myelinated axons ), darker inner ( cell bodies of neurons )

ALLOWS FOR VERY FAST REFLEXES

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of Posture, Limb Movements and Balance

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26
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay from sensory organs to cerebral cortex

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27
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

Pathway from Vision to Thalamus

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28
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

A

Pathway from auditory to Thalamus

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29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates the unconcious stuff like Body temp, thirst, hunger, sleep, sex, emotion

30
Q

Limbic System

A

Emotions, Memories, Motivation

31
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Youngest part of our brain!

32
Q

Parts of Cerebral Cortex

A

Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

33
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision processing

Linked to Anton Babinski Syndrome - Not aware that they are blind

34
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Memory Processing (Long term)

35
Q

Left Temporal Lobe

A

Language

36
Q

Right Temporal Lobe

A

Music/Rhythm

37
Q

Damage to left Temporal

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia - Perfect Rhythm, but makes no sense

38
Q

Damage to right Temporal

A

Broca’s Aphasia - Makes sense but is slow

39
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensory Processing - Especially Senses that can be experienced all round the body

40
Q

Spatial Neglect Syndrome

A

No sensory information from one side of the body (usually the left) A PERSON LITERALLY CANNOT SENSE ANYTHING ON ONE SIDE

41
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Executive Functions
Goal Setting
Self Regulation

42
Q

Amygdala

A

Motivation, Emotion, Fear Response, Interpretation of Nonverbal Expressions

43
Q

Awareness of external events and internal sensations

A

Consciousness

44
Q

Two types of Consciousness

A

Waking Consciousness & Altered State of Consciousness

45
Q

Waking Consciousness Definition

A

When Thoughts, Feelings, Emotions, Sensations are all organized, and the person is alert

46
Q

Altered State of Consciousness Definition

A

A state of consciousness where there is a change in the quality or pattern of mental activity

47
Q

The Great Equalizer (and WHY)

A

Sleep - Because everyone has to sleep

It is an altered state of consciousness

48
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Body Clock - Sleep Wake Cycle

49
Q

What Controls the Circadian Rhythm and how?

A

Hypothalamus through the release of Melatonin

50
Q

Different Kinds of sleep

A

REM and NREM

51
Q

What is REM sleep

A

REM or Rapid Eye Movement Sleep is a type of sleep where the person is in a similar state of waking but is paralyzed, and the eyes is constantly rapidly moving.

52
Q

What is NREM sleep

A

Everything else not REM

53
Q

Stages of Sleep

A

Awake - Stage 1 - Stage 2 - Stage 3 & 4 - REM Sleep

54
Q

What is Stage 1

A

Light Sleep
Waves - Alpha (Indicating a feeling of relaxation)
Hypnagogic Images - “Hallucinations”
Hypnic Jerks - Bodily Reflex in response to some stimuli in sleep. (like falling down or smthn)

55
Q

What is Stage 2

A

Sleep Spindles
Waves - Theta Waves
Bodily Activity Slows Down
People who wake up from Stage 2 can recognize that they fell asleep

56
Q

What is Stage 3 and Four

A

Delta Stage
Waves - Delta Waves - LARGEST WAVES
20-50% of brainwaves are delta waves in this stage

57
Q

REM Sleep

A

Similar to the waking state brain
Waves - Alpha, Beta Waves (similar to waking state)
The body temperature rises and heart rate increases
COMPLETE MUSCULAR PARALYSIS in this state

58
Q

Why REM and NREM Sleep?

A

Nrem Sleep Replenishes physically exhausted stuff while REM sleep replenishes Psychological/Mental stuff

59
Q

Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information

A

Cognition

60
Q

Different stages of cognition

A

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

61
Q

What is in Sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 years old and developing object permanence

62
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

Developing Conservation (logical physical thinking ability)

63
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

We can think logically, and perform math stuff requiring basic logic

64
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

We are able to grasp abstract concepts in this stage, and more mature reasoning

65
Q

Types of Cognitive System

A

System 1 - Hot - Fast, unconcious, error prone system

System 2 - Cold - Slow, thoughtful, stressful, reliable

66
Q

Approaches to problem solving

A

Trial and Error
Algorithms
Heuristics
Insight

67
Q

Trial and Error

A
  • Try one, til something works
68
Q

Algorithms

A
  • Specific step by step problems

- Will result to something always right

69
Q

Heuristics

A
  • Rule of thumb
  • Educated guess
  • Faster than algorithms but less safe as it will not always lead to the right solution
70
Q

Insight

A
  • Solution to a problem comes to mind “AHA moment”

Psych 101 2nd LE (1 decks)

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