[BIOPSYC] The Brain and the Nervous System Flashcards
A network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body
Nervous system
A brain of psychology that focuses on understanding the relationship between the brain, behavior, and mental processes
Biopsychology
The Central Nervous System consists of four things such as?
Neurons, brain and spinal cord, skull and spine, sensory information processing
They are nerve cells specialized for communication.
Neurons
The part of the neuron that receives messages
- Dendrite
- Soma
- Axon
- Synapse
- Myelin Sheath
Dendrite
The cell body contains generic information
- Dendrite
- Soma
- Axon
- Synapse
- Myelin Sheath
Soma
The part of the neuron specialized for sending messages
- Dendrite
- Soma
- Axon
- Synapse
- Myelin Sheath
Axon
Where communication between neurons takes place
- Dendrite
- Soma
- Axon
- Synapse
- Myelin Sheath
Synapse
Fatty tissue that insulates neurons and facilitates communication
- Dendrite
- Soma
- Axon
- Synapse
- Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
“How neurons communicate”
- The language of neurons
- Triggered when the electric charge within a neuron reaches a high enough level relative to the outside causing the neuron to “fire”
- All or nothing
- Triggers a release of neurotransmitters into the synapse
Action Potential
Chemical substances specialized for communication from neuron to neuron
Neurotransmitters
Excitatory (rapidly excites neuron), stimulates, enhanced learning and memory, most prevalent neurotransmitter. Can be a contributor of schizophrenia because it overexcites neurons causing hallucinations. Other disorders is Epilepsy
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Glutamate
Most powerful Inhibitory (derived from glutamate), anti-anxiety, learning, memory and sleep. Acts as a brake for glutamate. Dampens glutamate. When Gamma is abnormally low, it can cause anxiety. For example, anti anxiety drugs replicate the function of Gamma.
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Excitatory neurotransmitter arousal, selective attention, sleep, memory. Motor neurons, excite muscle cells. Muscle contraction, but it can also inhibit the cardiac region. Some poisons cause paralysis by blocking the acetylcholine receptors. Example is Alzheimer’s Disease.
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Acetylochloline
Reward and pleasure. Effects are both excitatory and inhibitory. Also involved in motor function. Plays a role in addiction. Brain areas rich in dopamine become active when we do pleasurable activities. Dopamine deficiency can cause parkinson’s disese. Too much dopamine can lead to confusion and loss of focus. Dopamine is involved in motivation.
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Dopamine
Excitatory neurotransmitter. Brain arousal and other functions. Produced by brain stem, hypothalamus and amgadjkdfkj glands. Implicated by mood. Low causes anxiety and depression. Too high can cause. Some drugs like meth can increase Norepinephrine. Ritalin reduces focus (ADHD Drug)
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Norepinephrine
Mood and temperature regulation. Well-being and happiness. Mood neurotransmitter. Secreted by neurons of the brain stem. (Lowness) Associated with depression, OCD, suicidal ideations. Body temperature and perception of pain. Inhibitory neurotransmitter. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; medicine for depression.
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Serotonin
Neuropeptides; short strings of Amino Acids (building blocks of proteins). Pain reduction. Morphine and other opioids produce more endorphins by hijacking the endorphin receptors.
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Endorphins
Eating, motivation, memory, sleep, pain reduction. Marijuana produces similar effects as Anandamide..
- Glutamate
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
- Acetylochloline
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Endorphins
- Anandamide
Anandamide
