Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
What does Cmax represent in a plasma drug concentration-time curve?
Maximum plasma concentration of the drug
Indicates the extent of drug absorption.
What does Tmax indicate?
Time at which Cmax occurs
Reflects the rate of drug absorption.
What does the Area Under the Curve (AUC) represent?
Total drug exposure over time
AUC is proportional to the extent of drug absorption.
What is Half-Life (t½)?
Time required for the plasma drug concentration to decrease by 50%
Provides insights into the drug’s elimination rate.
What does the Volume of Distribution (Vd) indicate?
Extent to which the drug distributes into tissues
Helps determine how widely a drug is dispersed in the body.
What is Clearance (Cl) in pharmacokinetics?
Rate at which the drug is removed from the plasma
Essential for understanding drug elimination.
What is Lag Time?
Delay between drug administration and the appearance of drug in plasma
Often seen in oral administration.
What is the Therapeutic Window?
Range of plasma concentrations between the MEC and MTC
Indicates where the drug is both safe and effective.
What is Pharmaceutics?
Branch of pharmaceutical science focusing on formulation, development, and production of medications
Involves converting chemical compounds into safe and effective dosage forms.
Key areas of pharmaceutics include:
- Formulation Science
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Bio-pharmaceutics
- Pharmaceutical Technology
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Each area plays a critical role in medication development and delivery.
What is Bio-pharmaceutics?
Subfield of pharmaceutics focusing on interplay between drug’s physicochemical properties and its biological performance
Examines how these factors influence ADME.
Key areas of Bio-pharmaceutics include:
- Liberation of Drugs
- Absorption of Drugs
- Distribution of Drugs
- Metabolism of Drugs
- Elimination of Drugs
Each area is crucial for understanding drug behavior in the body.
What is Drug Product Performance?
Release of the drug substance from the drug product for local action or systemic therapeutic activity
Critical for effective medication delivery.
What does Pharmacokinetics study?
How a drug moves through the body, focusing on ADME
Determines how the body handles a drug over time.
Key processes studied in Pharmacokinetics include:
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
Understanding these processes is essential for effective drug therapy.
What is Pharmacodynamics (PD)?
Branch of pharmacology studying biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body
Focuses on mechanisms of drug action.
Key concepts in Pharmacodynamics include:
- Drug-Receptor Interaction
- Dose-Response Relationship
- Therapeutic Window
- Mechanism of Action
Each concept helps to understand drug effects and interactions.
What is the Therapeutic Index (TI)?
Measure used to evaluate the safety of a drug, comparing effective and toxic doses
Indicates how safe a drug is for use.
How is the Therapeutic Index calculated?
Therapeutic Index = TD50 / ED50
TD50 is the dose causing toxic effects, and ED50 is the dose causing therapeutic effects.
What does a high Therapeutic Index indicate?
Wide margin between effective and toxic doses
Generally means the drug is safer.
True or False: A low Therapeutic Index means careful dosing and monitoring is required.
True
Indicates a narrow margin between effective and toxic doses.
What is the significance of the plasma drug concentration-time curve?
Graphically represents drug concentration in plasma over time
Crucial for understanding pharmacokinetic behavior.
What are the phases of the plasma drug concentration-time curve?
- Absorption Phase
- Peak Phase
- Distribution Phase
- Elimination Phase
Each phase reflects different aspects of drug behavior in the body.
What happens during the Absorption Phase?
Drug concentration rises as the drug enters systemic circulation
The rate of absorption exceeds elimination.
What is observed in the Peak Phase?
Highest plasma concentration reaches Cmax
Occurs at Tmax.
What occurs during the Elimination Phase?
Drug concentration decreases as the drug is metabolized and excreted
Follows either first-order or zero-order kinetics.
