Biopharmaceuticals Flashcards
What are the types of biopharmaceuticals?
Cytokines, Antibody, T cell, Checkpoint inhibition, Vaccines
What does IFN-a do?
Promotes antiviral and antiproliferative state
IFN-a is produced by which cells?
Leukocytes (but not constitutively present in large amounts - inducible)
What does IFN-B do?
Inhibits IFN-gamma. Slows growth of attacking immune cells. Stops production of myelin degrading compounds.
IFN-B is secreted by which cells?
Somatic cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells
What does IFN-gamma do?
Activates resting macrophages and monocytes to increase their phagocytic activity. Induces macrophages to xp cytokines, MHC proteins and Ig Fc rece.
IFN-gamma is secreted by which cell?
T lymphocytes
What does IL-2 do?
Activation of B, T, NK cells via autocrine and paracrine effects
What does IL-11 do?
Stimulate proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and induce megakaryocyte maturation –> increase platelet formation
What effect does G-CSF have?
Stimulates neutrophil proliferation
What effect does GM-CSF have?
Stimulates neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte proliferation
Which type of antibody has murine Vh, Vl and human Ch,Cl, Fc?
Chimeric mab
Which type of antibody is entirely human other than murine CDR?
Humanised mab
Fill in the blank.
Humanised mab is ___% human
90
Fill in the blank.
Chimeric mab is __% human
75
What types of antibody derivatives are there?
Antibody conjugate. (Fab)2. Fab. ScFv. Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTe). Trifunctional mab (Triomab). Defucosylated.
What is TCR-T?
Genes coding for Va, VB regions of antigen specific TCR transduced into T cells isolated from patients. TCR expressed on T cell. Expand & reinfuse. TCR-T T cells bind to antigens, activate T cells.
What is CAR-T?
Genes coding for Vh, Vl of antigen specific Ig are transduced into T cells. scFv (Vh, Vl) expressed on surface of T cells, expanded and reinfused. CAR-T T cell binds to antigens, triggering T cell cytotoxic activity.
What therapy may work independent of MHC expression?
CAR-T
Which T cell therapy works slower, but is more long lasting?
TCR-T
What are the limitations of short peptides in peptide vaccines?
What components are involved in the 1st generation of CAR-T?
Only TCR, CD3(S)
What components are involved in the 2nd generation of CAR-T?
TCR, CD3(S) co-stimulatory CD28 or 4-1BB intracellular proteins
What components are involved in the 3rd generation of CAR-T?
TCR, CD3(S) both co-stimulatory CD28 and 4-1BB intracellular proteins
What components are involved in the 4th generation of CAR-T?
TCR, CD3(S), both co-stimulatory CD28 and 4-1BB intracellular protein, transgene.
Binding of antigen triggers expression of transgene. This increases IL-2 which has anti-tumour function and activate more T cells to kill cancer cells.
Which generation(s) of CAR-T therapy can act on neo-antigen negative cancer cells?
4th generation. The production of IL-2 may act on neo-antigen negative cancer cells.
