Bionics

Question 1

what is arrhythmia ?

Answer 1

irregular heart rhythm

Question 2

two types of arrhythmia

Answer 2

Bradycardia- too slow

Tackycardia- toofast

Question 3

what is SA node ?

Answer 3

the hearts natural pacemaker- sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) causing it to contract and pump blood in to the bottom chamber (ventriccle)

Question 4

how many chambers does the heart have ?

Answer 4

4- top = atria

bottom= ventricles

Question 5

AV node ?

Answer 5

the electrical impulses pass through the ventricle through a form of ‘junction box’ = AV node

Question 6

left side of heart pumps blood where ?

Answer 6

to body (from lungs), oxygenated

Question 7

right side of heart pumps blood where ?

Answer 7

to lungs (to pickup oxygen), deoxygenated

Question 8

P on ECG (electrical activity of the heart) wave

Answer 8

contraction of hearts atria

Question 9

P-Q on ECG(electrical activity of the heart) wave

Answer 9

signal from SA node spreads across left and right atrium

Question 10

Q on ECG(electrical activity of the heart) wave

Answer 10

signal divides into ventricles via septum

Question 11

R on ECG (electrical activity of the heart)wave

Answer 11

contraction of your hearts left ventricle

Question 12

S on ECG(electrical activity of the heart) wave

Answer 12

contraction of right ventrricle

Question 13

T on ECG (electrical activity of the heart)wave

Answer 13

hearts ventricles relaxing

Question 14

What do the 2 atria collect ?

Answer 14

the blood

Question 15

Ventricles pump ?

Answer 15

blood out of the heart

Question 16

what do the valves prevent ?

Answer 16

from the blood flowing backwards

Question 17

what does the septum separate ?

Answer 17

the 2 sides of the heart

Question 18

vein carries blood

Answer 18

to the heart

Question 19

artery carries blood

Answer 19

away from the heart

Question 20

lungs =

Answer 20

respiratory system/ pulmonary

Question 21

sound(vibration of particles) requires a medium ?

Answer 21

air, water, any matter

Question 22

the 5 main parts to a bionic ear

Answer 22

1. microphone: pick up speech (is behind ear is not implanted)
2. speech processor: selects and arranges sound (codes sounds into an electrical signal > transmitter)
3. transmitter: receives signals through skin to > receiver signals are transmitted as radio waves
4. receiver: signals to electrical pulses
5. electrodes:collects impulses from stimulator > brain via auditory nerve >electrodes inserted into cochlea

Question 23

auditory nerve ?

Answer 23

hearing nerve

Question 24

cochlear implant is or is not inserted ?

Answer 24

is implanted

Question 25

pins, screws and plates are used to ?

Answer 25

repair bone fractures are made from metallic alloys

Question 26

PINS ARE USED WHEN ?

Answer 26

provide stability used for fixation of bone FRAGMENTS

Question 27

screws are used when ?

Answer 27

repairing fractures, fix bone planes to bone

Question 28

bone plates are used when ?

Answer 28

bone fractures, very strong and absorb stress generated by bone movement

Question 29

artificial joints replace ? examples of diseases which cause damage

Answer 29

joints which have been destroyed by DEGENERATIVE diseases e.g.arthiritis

Question 30

what are artificial joints made of ?

Answer 30

stainless steel, polyethylene, titanium

Question 31

why are modern artificial joints made of polyethylene ?

Answer 31

to not cause crushing/damage to the bone (in leg/kneeO

Question 32

pacemakers are used to ? made of ?

Answer 32

correct arrythymia, stainless steel, titanium (electrodes = platinum)

Question 33

Artificial valves replace ?

Answer 33

damaged valves in body that no longer function (to keep blood flowing)

Question 34

artificial valves constructed of ?

Answer 34

pericardinal tissues from pigs/cows(collagen rich material) (to minimise rejection by body)

Question 35

crowns constructed from ?

Answer 35

ceramic materials

Question 36

dentures made of ?

Answer 36

acrylics

Question 37

lenses made of ?

Answer 37

silicone

Question 38

prosthetic limbs made of ?

Answer 38

silicone, titanium, aliminium, stainless steel

Question 39

sino atrial node causes what to contract ?

Answer 39

atria

Question 40

atrio ventricular node causes what to contract >

Answer 40

ventricles

Question 41

valves ???

Answer 41

allow blood flow in one direction

Question 42

Atria ??

Answer 42

receives blood from veins then passes onto ventricles | 70% when heart is relaxed, fills rest of (30%) ventricle when it (atrium) contracts

Question 43

ventricles ???

Answer 43

receive blood from Atria, pumps blood to lungs to be reoxygenated or to the body for distribution

Question 44

difference between arteries and veins

Answer 44

arteries: carry blood away from heart veins: carry blood to(back) heart

Question 45

the hearts natural pacemaker ?

Answer 45

SA (SINO ATRIAL) node

Question 46

fibrillation ?

Answer 46

disrupted electrical signals cause heart to quiver instead of pump (cardiac arrest = to stop beating)

Question 47

bundle branch block ?

Answer 47

one or two 'wires' in the AV junction failing to transmit electrical signals although heart can still function unless complete heart block in which the 'wires' cease to function

Question 48

'lub' and dub noise ?

Answer 48

the heart relaxing and contracting between eaxch beat

Question 49

what contracts first ?

Answer 49

atria then ventricles